Tungsten trioxide at 70℃. Calcined in air at APT obtained. Blue tungsten oxide was obtained in 404 APT seven reduction with nitrogen. Purple tungsten oxide at 470℃ under a hydrogen mixed with nitrogen gas (at 81℃ saturated with water vapor) reduction obtained, another WO2. Two samples will be a stoichiometric amount of the three The mixture of tungsten and tungsten oxide at 980℃ calcination under an atmosphere of pure hydrogen synthesis, both purple tungsten oxide by x-ray diffraction and identified as pure WO_2.2. Brown tungsten oxide (WOZ) is tungsten trioxide in the manufacture of WO_2.2 reduction under reducing conditions after a long period.

1.Paratungstate reduction was due to tungsten metal powder particles may have a shape of APT, it should pay attention to the morphology of APT. We APT having nearly cubic or monoclinic equiaxed grain structure, the crystal has some cracks.

2. The blue tungsten oxide decomposition at 404℃ and hydrogen atmosphere APT blue tungsten oxide obtained in morphology. The overall shape and APT same, but the blue tungsten oxide particles have more cracks than APT, some particles are also broken for a few. APT tungsten trioxide we used to get, and its appearance is very similar with APT.

3.Purple oxide, tungsten oxide, tungsten purple WO₂ morphology. Compared with the blue tungsten oxide, its appearance has changed significantly. Each piece by a large number of small columnar arrangement messy crystals. However, the entire collection of WO_2.72 small columnar grain morphology still has the APT.

4. Brown tungsten oxide morphology pure tungsten dioxide. This is the APT tungsten dioxide as raw material to go through the blue tungsten oxide and tungsten oxide phase purple system. Most WO_2.72 columnar crystals into a sleek flat particles.

In the oxidation of hydrogen reduction process of tungsten, tungsten oxide may arise have their specific morphology, but it still has the secondary particles tend to leave iron tungstate appearance. During the restore process, the changing size of the particles. Size tungsten powder in a considerable extent, depends on the reduction of the size of tungsten oxide intermediates. From blue or purple oxide, tungsten oxide, tungsten to tungsten oxide reduction this stage, tungsten powder particle size has a decisive impact.

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Tungsten oxide is a surface resistance of controlled sensitive material, sensitive electronic mechanism of gas that caused the material after adsorption gas tungsten oxide crystal surface depletion layer changes, causing the change in resistance. Oxygen in the air adsorbed on the surface after the n-type oxide, tungsten, tungsten oxide by capturing the electronic guide to be formed in the oxygen-containing adsorption of negatively charged ions in the tungsten oxide surface. When the tungsten oxide NO2 contact with an oxidizing gas, NO2 gas molecules may be captured by the tungsten oxide conduction band electrons directly adsorbed on the tungsten oxide surface.

Solvothermal method utilizing a one-dimensional tungsten oxide nanowires, by incorporating an appropriate amount of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT),tungsten oxide nano-composite structure -SWNT temperature sensitive components and to evaluate its sensitivity to temperature of the NO2 gas performance. By X-ray and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the microstructure of the material. Synthesis of tungsten oxide nanowire has a monoclinic structure of W₁₈O₄₉, SWNT composite material is embedded in the middle of the tungsten oxide nanowires. Gas sensing performance tests show that tungsten oxide nanowire composite structure -SWNT gas sensing components NO2 gas at room temperature showed a high sensitivity and fast response characteristics, lower incorporation of SWNT get good gas sensing performance favorable.

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Air purification: as the catalyst at room temperature with nano tungsten oxide, can use oxygen in the air and water vapor and other pollutants are oxidized and thus to make the air cleaner, etc., such as sulfides, nitrides, organic matter and other harmful gases . In addition, also widely used for industrial waste gas generated by the photocatalytic degradation.

Fogging and self-cleaning: the nano-plated tungsten oxide thin film on a substrate, compared with tungsten oxide nano-powders, because of its relatively large surface area, and thus the hydrophilic performance is very good, when a large amount of water vapor or liquid drops in the formation of a uniform film of water on top of the tungsten oxide film, when the strong ultraviolet light shines nano tungsten oxide film will make a strong oxidizing ability, so you can put a lot of organic matter decomposition is no absorption above the contaminated water and carbon dioxide.

Antibacterial: tungsten oxide nanoparticles in the photocatalytic process can produce a large number of optoelectronic and photogenerated holes, optoelectronics and photogenerated holes can be generated using the above water adsorbed on the catalyst surface is formed by oxidizing light group and an oxygen dianion, which may be due to bacterial cells or bacterial components of the reaction, can completely kill bacteria, while a large number of bacteria released by the toxic compound can be generated photoelectron photogenerated holes and degradation, which can effectively prevent the virus again pollution caused by the release of toxic pollutants we found smaller the particle size of the tungsten oxide nanoparticles from a large number of experiments, because of its larger surface area and therefore have a good effect, while the photocatalytic nano tungsten oxide sterilization effect, in it ends the light irradiation period of time but also have the ability to sterilization.

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In the role of external excitation source, a substance or a system has undergone significant changes in the color of the phenomenon known as discoloration. When the photochromic compound A subject refers to a certain wavelength of light irradiation, the photochemical reaction can occur to give the product B, color A and B is significantly different. B irradiation or by heating the additional beam of light can be restored to its original form A. Photochromic (Photochromism) is occurring under the action of a light reversible chemical reactions. As a transition metal oxide, tungsten oxide film is an excellent photochromic material, the study found tungsten oxide under UV light will turn blue. Because photochromic properties of tungsten oxide in the optical information storage, optical control, optical switches, field optics materials, optical information such as genetic material has broad application prospects and attracted much attention.

Photochromic effect mechanism of nano tungsten oxide film photochromic tungsten oxide accompanied by reversible oxidation - reduction reactions, discoloration mechanism available now widely recognized in 1975 by Faughnan proposed double charge injection / extraction model to explain that in the ultraviolet Under irradiation, valence band electrons are excited into the conduction band, and generates electron-hole pairs photogenerated electrons are then W (VI) to capture, generate W (V), while reducing species photogenerated holes or interior surface oxide film generating proton H +, implanted inside the film, and the reduced oxides generated blue tungsten bronze HxWO3, blue as a result of W (V) in the valence band electrons into the W (VI) conduction band transitions. W6 (A) + W5 (B) <=> W5 (A) + W6 (B), due to the above change does not disrupt the crystalline structure of the material, and therefore the oxidation of the photochromic effect with good reversibility and fatigue tungsten material performance.

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Photochromic properties of tungsten oxide in the optical information storage, optical control, field optical switches, optical device materials, optical information such as genetic material has broad application prospects. Using photochromic properties of tungsten oxide system has been designed, and creating a lot of practical applications of the device, such as can be used to split water WO3 / TiO2 composite solar cells while having photochromic properties of wisdom electrochromic window (PV-ECsmartwindows).

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) refers to the dye-sensitized nanostructured porous anodic film is a light, according to the principle of photovoltaic, solar energy directly into electrical energy in a semiconductor optoelectronic devices. Photoelectric conversion efficiency and a light film of the band gap of the anode of a great relationship, generally select the band gap of 3.2eV of TiO2 films as photoanode. WO3 with TiO2 has a similar band structure, but its band gap

Is relatively small, but the power of tungsten oxide dye-sensitized solar cells is sufficient to drive the use of tungsten oxide thin film electrochromic smart windows made color characteristics, such as electrochromic display devices. And so while using tungsten oxide photochromic - electrochromic device features a relatively simple in structure, green.

UV Film

Tungsten oxide sensitive to ultraviolet light, and therefore can be made into a film, coated on the windows to prevent ultraviolet damage to human body. If in the sunglasses plated tungsten oxide film, the light intensity when the automatic color UV shielding reducing UV damage to the human eye. Also tungsten oxide can also be used to detect whether there is presence of ultraviolet light and the intensity of ultraviolet size.

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Tungsten carbide cutting tools in the process will produce debris, grit, they will affect the machining accuracy of tungsten carbide cutting tools, so these things need to be cleared up, which requires cutting fluid with good cleaning, chip effect. Surface of the oil to be some of the cutting fluid wetting surfactants, penetration, emulsifying and dispersing, thereby reducing the ability of oil adhered on the surface of the tungsten carbide cutting tools. Mobility and the presence of a certain pressure cutting fluid during use can be washed away debris produced during machining, abrasive grains, oil.

Meanwhile, in order to prevent the workpiece, machine tools and tungsten carbide cutting tools rust, cutting fluid should also have a good anti-rust. Rust-proof cutting fluid action mainly because of rust-proof cutting fluid additive added, anti-corrosion additives can be adsorbed on the surface of the machine tool and the workpiece to form a protective film to isolated or enhanced alkaline cutting fluid to prevent corrosion reaction of tungsten carbide cutting tools, which play rust.

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When cemented tungsten carbide cutting tools in addition to frictional heat generated inside the metal molecules within the tool and the shear plane will produce the frictional heat generation, so that cemented tungsten carbide cutting tools the cutting zone temperature can reach 600 ℃ ~ 800 ℃, so require cutting fluid must have good lubrication and cooling performance.

Tungsten carbide cutting tools in the cutting process, the cooling effect of cutting fluid is mainly from the cutting area is quickly taken away by pouring hot coolant to the cutting tool tungsten carbide cutting tools zone generated during cutting, reducing tungsten carbide cutting tools, the temperature of the workpiece, tool life, reduce the thermal deformation of the workpiece, reducing thermal stress and improve the durability of tungsten carbide cutting tools, machining accuracy. Cutting fluid cooling mechanism is: a way to penetrate into the friction area, the deformation zone to play the role of thermal cooling. Cooling of the cutting fluid and the thermal conductivity, specific heat, and the flow rate for the fluid lubrication and related methods, thermal conductivity, specific heat parameters of the better the greater the cooling.

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Photochromic properties of tungsten oxide in the optical information storage, optical control, field optical switches, optical device materials, optical information such as genetic material has broad application prospects. Using photochromic properties of tungsten oxide system has been designed, and creating a lot of practical applications of the device, such as can be used to split water WO3 / TiO2 composite solar cells while having photochromic properties of wisdom electrochromic window (PV-ECsmartwindows).

The Optical Recording And Image Storage

When using light-induced photochromic compound by different wavelengths of light irradiation intensity and color characteristics of repeated cycles, which can be made from computer memory storage device, to achieve the elimination process and memory information. Recorded information density is very large, and good fatigue resistance, fast write and erase information. Amorphous WO3 being a KrF excimer laser wavelength for the next generation of laser irradiation will turn purple 248nm wavelength longer be produced Nd-Y-Al garnet laser for laser irradiation can become another 1.06μm colorless. The study also found that the use of WO3 changes in the optical properties of the annealing process characteristics made write-once optical recording disk, the data storage density of up to a maximum 25GB. Furthermore WO3 blue under UV irradiation can be used autoradiography photosensitivity holographic recording camera. Painted on transparencies WO3 thin film layer, which is not sensitive to visible light, into a colored image in the UV irradiation. This high resolution imaging method, operator error will not occur, and the image can be repeatedly recorded and eliminated.

Optical Tunable Photonic Band Gap Crystals

Photonic crystals are artificial dielectric constant in the spatial structure of a periodic arrangement was formed. Like ordinary crystals, photonic crystals are arranged with a band structure, there may photonic bandgap or photonic band gap between the photonic band. Photonic band gap, or band gap refers to a range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves in this frequency range can not propagate in the photonic crystal in the inside, and the frequency band is located in the electromagnetic wave is able to propagate almost lossless in the photonic crystal. Width and position of the band gap and the photonic crystal has a dielectric constant ratio relationship. WO3 can be continuously varied in a wide range of light irradiation or under the action of the electric field of the dielectric constant, and therefore with the tungsten oxide in the production of polystyrene template inverse opal photonic crystal structures can be more effective regulation of the optical path.

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Tungsten carbide cutting tools in the cutting process, the lubricating oil is in common between the constantly moving constant friction surface, although the pressure is sometimes very large, very easy to form a lubricating film cutting fluid. Cutting fluid use state is different. Fresh surface formed by the time the cutting fluid remains in contact with the workpiece, and the machined surface has been in a state of elastic deformation, to be under great pressure between the tungsten carbide cutting tools and the workpiece surface to be processed, this pressure than the average Many great pressure to produce friction state.

After the metal-cutting machining using the cutting fluid, tungsten carbide cutting tools and the workpiece, the chip is formed between the lubricating film, the friction coefficient can be reduced, to reduce friction. Cutting the majority belong to the boundary friction friction. In machining, tungsten carbide cutting tools, workpiece and cutting fluids will be some elements from physical and chemical adsorption, chemical reactions, if they meet certain high-temperature, high-pressure conditions. Cutting fluid pumping action by immersing the contact surface tungsten carbide cutting stools and workpiece from the side, forming a lubricating film of low shear strength.

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Due to the high density tungsten alloy with good electrical properties and are widely used in the electrical processing industry

An electric riveting machine riveting head material

In electric riveting process, rivets temperatures up to 1000 ℃, but also to withstand the impact of the role of the arc ablation, high-density tungsten alloy of various metal rivets riveting has the following advantages:

1. The life of common materials than in the past rivet head up a few dozen to more than a hundred times;

2. Good quality, smooth and can not afford the rivet head pitting,

3. Convenient punch processing, high-speed steel to be heat treated alloy must EDM, high-density tungsten alloy can be used as long as the vehicle processing

High-density tungsten alloy is a class of tungsten-based (tungsten quality score is usually 80% to 97%), and added alloy Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, Cr and other elements, and its density as high as 16.5 to 19.0 g / cm3, and been known as high-density tungsten alloy, heavy alloy, heavy alloy. Not only high-density tungsten alloy density, but also has a series of excellent performance: high strength, high hardness, ductility, good machining properties, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, anti-oxidation and good corrosion resistance, weldability good and so on. The excellent performance has been widely applied in the field of cutting-edge science, military, industrial and civilian industry. So far, W-Ni-Fe, W-Ni-Cu alloy has become a high-density tungsten alloy two major series.




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