Violet tungsten phase component WO2.72 (or W18O49), purple tungsten (TVO) powder having a maximum of pore volume, a minimum micropore volume, the narrowest pore size distribution, the smallest and the largest fractal dimension average pore diameter, which Hydrogen Reduction in favor of ultra-fine tungsten powder, to the detriment of the doping process, is a unique crystal structure so used to produce fine powder and fine tungsten carbide powder.

Performance is mainly determined by the quality carbide WC powder. The final grain size of the WC powder grain largely by reduction of the metal tungsten powder determined, while the grain is made of metal tungsten powder and tungsten oxide reduction condition is determined. Therefore, performance and purple tungsten oxide reduction process can affect the performance of tungsten and tungsten carbide powder, which ultimately affect the quality of the carbide.

Restore purple tungsten (V- tungsten oxide or WO2.72), the reduction of the product in different temperature ranges were under scanning electron probe to observe the phase composition seen in the temperature range of 885 ~ 900 ℃: the purple tungsten as raw materials in the reduction The key process tungsten dioxide reduction process is not controlled tungsten powder (T-W) particle morphology; process without passing through the tungsten (WO2) dioxide generated intermediate stage, can produce ultra-fine or micrometer tungsten, tungsten carbide powder .

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Purple tungsten oxide (VTO), also known as purple tungsten oxide (TVO). Purple tungsten oxide is produced in the partial ammonium tungstate calcination process, different manufacturers of different purple tungsten oxide content. It is not the sense of chemical compound, but by a different component composition, such as arsenic trioxide, tungsten copper, and a low content of tungsten trioxide. The relative content of these compounds depends on the tungsten oxide purple calcination parameters. Purple purple tungsten oxide is finely powdered crystals. It is the precise control of the temperature in the reducing conditions, the production of secondary acid generated during ammonia. Purple tungsten oxide is mainly used in the production of tungsten metal powder and tungsten carbide. Purple tungsten oxide can also be used to make ultra-fine tungsten powder and nano tungsten powder.

Morphology of the most special purple tungsten, loose particles in each group by a needle or rod-like particles composed of grains, grain structure of this great gap, tungsten powder generated when hydrogen nuclei to restore more, fast response, fine grain size, suitable for the production of fine particles of tungsten powder. With purple tungsten as raw materials in the reduction process without tungsten dioxide (WO2) generated intermediate stage, can be prepared from ultrafine or nano tungsten, tungsten carbide powder. Purple tungsten oxide itself has a unique form of fine needle-like crystals, which aggregate loose sponge-like, compared with the yellow tungsten and tungsten blue, purple tungsten oxide tungsten bulk density than the yellow, blue tungsten is much smaller, BET The minimum surface area, the chemical activity of the largest tungsten powder generated during hydrogen reduction fastest, most fine granularity, and purple tungsten oxide produced tungsten powder particle size and particle size distribution is quite stable. By Purple tungsten oxide W18O49 for raw materials tungsten powder, tungsten carbide powder with a small and easy to grow uniform characteristics. Purple tungsten oxide WO2 • 72 prepared by hydrogen reduction of tungsten powder fine and uniform dispersion of the particles between the good, is suitable for the preparation of an ultra-fine grain cemented carbide raw materials.

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How metal powder made of?
The first step is the manufacture of metal powder metallurgy. Powder production process consists of four steps: a solid-state reduction, atomization, electrolysis, and chemical methods. Solid state reduction
Reduction in solid powder reduction process, the selected ore crushing, mixing reducing substances (eg: carbon), transferred to the continuous furnace. All non-metallic materials and separation, screening, production of powder in the reaction furnace, leaving spongiform metal, then pulverized. Since there is no refining treatment, depending on the purity of the powder material. Irregular spongy particles, soft, easy compression, a good pre-sintered ("green") strength.

Atomization
In this process, the molten metal into small droplets and rapidly frozen before contact with each other or with a solid contact. Typically, the film flow of molten metal by gas or liquid high energy impact jets and decomposition. In principle, this technique is applicable to all metals can be melted and used for commercial production of metallic iron, copper, steel, brass, bronze, low-melting-point metals, such as aluminum, tin, lead, zinc, cadmium, as well as in selected case, tungsten, titanium, rhenium, and other high melting point materials.

Electrolysis
By selecting appropriate conditions, such as the electrolyte composition and concentration, temperature and current density, many metals can be cotton or powder state storage. Further processing, washing, drying, reduction, annealing, broken, is often required, ultimately produce a high purity, high density of the powder. Electrolytic copper is a metal raw material, but the iron, chromium, magnesium powder produced in this way can also be used. Due to its associated high energy costs, the electrolysis is generally limited to high-value powders such as high conductivity copper.

Chemical Methods
The most common process involves a redox chemical powder from the solution, precipitation, thermal decomposition. The performance of the powder produced a great change, but the powder particle size and shape basically similar. Redox powder tends to "sponge" shape, because there are many pores on the particle. The precipitated powder solution narrow particle size distribution, a high purity. Thermal decomposition is the most commonly used for treatment of metal carbonyls. These powders, after a grinding and annealing, a purity of over 99.5%.

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Purple tungsten oxide is a different form of tungsten oxide, tungsten, has a unique crystal structure and other tungsten oxide (blue tungsten), its performance is also very different. Blue tungsten large particles have sharp edges, gathered together by a small cube, in varying degrees of broken surface, and covered with cracks; morphology purple tungsten is significantly different from the other three, each Large particles are needle-like or rod-like grains of loose particles group. All of the tungsten oxide pellets.

Purple tungsten oxide production in general is ammonium paratungstate (APT) as raw materials in industrial rotary furnace bamboo, under certain conditions (such as access NH3) were calcined, due to the decomposition of NH3 H2, so that APT mild reducing atmosphere calcined gradual decomposition of tungsten oxide reduction generated purple. The total chemical reaction equation is as follows: 3 [5 (NH4) 2O • 12WO3 • 5H2O] = 2w18O49 + 40H2O + 35H2 + 15N2.

Characteristic purple tungsten oxide products, tungsten oxide appearance usually pale purple purple or blue-purple. Purple major components and physical properties of tungsten oxide, and its bulk density between 1.9 to 2.3, the oxygen index ≦ 2.72, specific surface between 1.3 to 3.0.

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Purple tungsten oxide (Violet Tungsten Oxide, VTO), referred to as purple tungsten. Purple tungsten oxide refers to paratungstate (Ammonium Paratungstate, APT) as raw material was calcined under certain conditions, decomposition, reduction generated purple tungsten oxide. General purple or blue-purple crystalline powder. By strong fissile octahedral structure, intrinsic crystalline needle and rod. Purple Tungsten is a tungsten oxide, the chemical formula for WO2.72 or W18O49. Purple and yellow tungsten oxide, tungsten (the yellow tungsten WO3), blue tungsten oxide (referred to as blue tungsten W20O58 or WO2.90) and brown tungsten oxide (WO2) collectively known as tungsten oxide. The tungsten oxide can be used as raw material for the production of tungsten powder, tungsten because of its unique nature purple to purple tungsten tungsten powder products as raw materials, has generated fast, fine-grained and so on.

Purple tungsten oxide is pure secondary ammonium tungstate reaction under argon, then the Purple tungsten oxide deoxy prepare tungsten powder particles. (Purity: 99.99%, dewpoint -40℃), tungsten powder oxidized in the air. Tungsten oxide and tungsten powder is reduced in hydrogen, the sample was placed in a laser particle size distribution measuring instrument and the field emission scanning electron microscope, can exhibit its properties. Through two cyclic oxidation and reduction of three, will be ultrafine tungsten powder. Particle size distribution of ultrafine tungsten powder 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm is between 95.73%.

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Purple tungsten oxide (Violet Tungsten Oxide, VTO), referred to as purple tungsten. Purple tungsten oxide refers to paratungstate (Ammonium Paratungstate, APT) as raw material was calcined under certain conditions, decomposition, reduction generated purple tungsten oxide. General purple or blue-purple crystalline powder. By strong fissile octahedral structure, intrinsic crystalline needle and rod. Purple Tungsten is a tungsten oxide, the chemical formula for WO2.72 or W18O49. Purple and yellow tungsten oxide, tungsten (the yellow tungsten WO3), blue tungsten oxide (referred to as blue tungsten W20O58 or WO2.90) and brown tungsten oxide (WO2) collectively known as tungsten oxide. The tungsten oxide can be used as raw material for the production of tungsten powder, tungsten because of its unique nature purple to purple tungsten tungsten powder products as raw materials, has generated fast, fine-grained and so on.

Purple tungsten oxide is a tungsten oxide. Purple tungsten oxide history can be traced back to produce tungsten oxide. Tungsten has a long history, dating back to the 18th century. It was first discovered by Peter Woulfe. Tungsten first to be called wolfram, element symbols for W. Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered scheelite, and its been a lot of research. In 1841, chemist Robert Oxland developed a production of tungsten trioxide and the first step of sodium tungstate. He was awarded a patent. Soon after, he is considered the founder of tungsten chemical systems.

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The utility model provides a tungsten paste type adjustable fishing sinker, which comprises an adjuster with an inner screw thread, and a sinker sleeve with a connecting rod.

A cavity defined by the adjuster and the sinker sleeve with the connecting rod is provided with metal paste, a through hole is formed in the sleeve wall of the sinker sleeve, the connecting rod is arranged in the adjuster, and the adjuster is rotated in the sinker sleeve to compress the mental paste and enable the mental paste to be discharged through the through hole. According to the adjustable fishing sinker provided by the utility model, the adjuster is rotated so as to stretch out and draw back, and then the goal of accurately adjusting a float is achieved by adjusting the quantity of tungsten paste in the cavity between the adjuster and the sinker sleeve with the connecting rod. In addition, the tungsten paste can be used repeatedly, does not pollute the environment, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

An adjustable tungsten mud fish catch, including: regulator with an internal thread and a fall jacket with a connecting rod, characterized in that the adjustment of the cavity with a connecting rod and said sleeve formed of fall built with a metal paste, the walls of the sleeve falling sleeve has through-holes, said connecting rod is disposed within said regulator, said regulator rotary compression sleeve falling metal sludge removed from the through-hole.




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Superfine carbide with high hardness and wear resistance, high strength and toughness and good high temperature properties, has been widespread attention, has become an important direction of development in the world today carbide. Superfine carbide cutting in difficult areas has been widely used, but also meet the needs of the rapid development of electronic technology for integrated circuit board drilling micro drill. Currently there are dozens of brands of ultra-fine carbide, since the study of ultrafine Carbide performance optimization has been ongoing.

Superfine carbide with high hardness, high wear resistance, excellent performance, ensuring ultra-fine carbide grain size small and uniform is a key factor in size small, evenly distributed ultrafine WC powder as raw material. During the preparation of ultrafine WC powder, commonly used materials for blue tungsten oxide, tungsten less to purple as the raw material preparation process coverage. Using the same process, respectively, blue and purple tungsten raw materials for the preparation of ultrafine tungsten WC powder, and uses the same process for the preparation of ultrafine tungsten carbide, for comparing the performance of both products, found in purple tungsten as raw material out Ultrafine carbide grain size, high strength and hardness has good overall performance.

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Liquid crystals prepared as in ancient China's oldest crystal preparation, ancient people extracted salt from seawater process is instantiated crystal growth under conditions of liquid system. Production practice long time, and now liquid phase has been subdivided into a number of specific technical solutions use different types of crystal growth, and these technologies are still constantly evolving. Hydrothermal process is carried in an aqueous system, by changing the solubility of the crystal, the crystal growth system for liquid phase growth method.

(1) Reaction conditions: hydrothermal method commonly used water is mixed with other salts forming solvent (or become a mineralizer), and therefore during the reaction, such a system can be difficult to dissolve the material at ambient conditions (high melting point oxides, etc.) to improve their solubility, to promote the reaction under the reaction conditions usually higher at relatively mild conditions.

(2) the reaction environment: Hydrothermal reaction is controlled during the growth process of the crystal particles by controlling the reaction temperature and pressure. The growth process is usually carried out in a closed system environment, the. The closed environment is often used to maintain the autoclave, due to higher temperature, higher pressure such that the reaction system is very corrosive to steel to material, so more memory polytetrafluoroethylene material as the reactor lining material.

(3) reaction: with various other liquid phase method, a hydrothermal reaction process, the reactor is generally vertically disposed, and therefore part of the kettle liquid and vapor phases due to the presence of vertical temperature gradient distribution. The temperature gradient causes the liquid and gas phases inside the reactor intense convection occurs in the course of the reaction, the liquid moved by the high-temperature region to migrate to lower temperature, and phase transition accompanied by changes in local excessive solution saturation at low temperature District because the solution becomes supersaturated solute precipitates to form a precipitate, gasified liquid back into a cold solution of the liquid phase, repeated cycles of convection, the solute precipitates will eventually grow to form crystals.

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Screen printing method using tungsten oxide powder was prepared by acid decomposition into thick tungsten oxide gas sensors, and has carried out the reduction and oxidation treatment in an atmosphere of hydrogen and air, systematic study of hydrogen concentration and temperature on the rate of oxidation sensitive membrane morphology, structure and CO gas sensing performance. The results showed that the hydrogen reduction - after air oxidation, the sensitive film surface morphology by approximately spherical particles into the rod-shaped or cluster rules smooth surface quadrangular prism open at both ends, while the crystal structure is not changed. Sensitive membrane of CO sensitivity (Rair / RCO) with increasing concentration of CO and the test temperature is higher. Compared with the no sensitive membrane modified atmosphere, reducing atmosphere by 10% H2 in air to 600 ℃ sensitive membrane after 5 ℃ / min oxidation of CO with maximum sensitivity, it is to 3.8 × 10-5CO 13.3-fold increase in sensitivity. Sensitive membrane through modified atmosphere can significantly improve the sensitivity of CO can.

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