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From Tungsten Electrode to GTAW Safety

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 06 September 2015
The following article will introduce something of GTAW safety on tungsten electrode when welding the tungsten electrode.
To avoid exposure to strong ultraviolet light, welders should wear protective clothing, including protective long sleeve shirts with high collars and light and thin leather gloves. Because of the absence of smoke in GTAW, the electric arc light is not covered by fumes and particulate matter as in stick welding/shielded metal arc welding, and therefore is a great deal brighter, subjecting operators to strong ultraviolet light. The welding arc has a different range and strength of UV light wavelengths from sunlight, but the welder is very close to the source and the light intensity is very strong. Potential arc light damage includes accidental flashes to the eye or arc eye and skin damage similar to strong sunburn. Operators wear opaque helmets with dark eye lenses and full head and neck coverage to prevent this exposure to UV light. Modern helmets often feature a liquid crystal-type face plate that self-darkens upon exposure to the bright light of the struck arc. Transparent welding curtains, made of a polyvinl chloride plastic film, are often used to shield nearby workers and bystanders from exposure to the UV light from the electric arc. 
 
Welders are also often exposed to dangerous gases and particulate matter. While the process doesn't produce smoke, the brightness of the arc in GTAW can break down surrounding air to form ozone and nitric oxides. The ozone and nitric oxides react with lung tissue and moisture to create nitric acid and ozone burn. Ozone and nitric oxide levels are moderate, but exposure duration, repeated exposure, and the quality and quantity of fume extraction, and air change in the room must be monitored. Welders who do not work safely can contract emphysema and oedema of the lungs, which can lead to early death. Similarly, the heat from the arc can cause poisonous fumes to form from cleaning and degreasing materials. Cleaning operations using these agents should not be performed near the site of welding, and proper ventilation is necessary to protect the welder. 


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From TIG Welding of Tungsten Electrode to Manual TIG

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 06 September 2015
Manual TIG is a kind of TIG welding of tungsten electrode, and this article is primarily concerned with its main system, including welding torch, the main circuit system, cooling system, gas supply system and control system and other parts.
(1) Welding torch
It is mainly composed of tungsten electrode, tungsten electrode holders, gun body, intake manifold and ceramic nozzle of several parts. On manual welding torch handle, there is equipped with start and stop buttons. Typically torch has small, medium, and large three types. By type of cooling, it can be divided into: water-cooled welding gun and air-cooled welding gun, if the current is less than 150A, whereas air-cooled type is used; if the current is more than 150A, the water-cooled type is used.
(2) Cooling system
If the maximum welding current adopted is greater than 200A, it must pass the water to cool the electrodes, welding torch and welding cables.
(3) Air supply system
TIG gas supply system is composed of argon gas cylinder, flow control, pressure reducer and solenoid valves and other components. Pressure reducer can be used to regulate pressure and reduce pressure.
(4) Control system
TIG control system, by controlling the circuit, which enable the control of gas, electricity, steady arc and arc phases of operation of the control program.


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From "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering" to N-Heptane MSDS - Ⅷ

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015
N-heptane, acting a kind of liquid material in degreasing solvent process in "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering", and the following article will introduce the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) Part 14: Transport Information and Part 15: Regulatory Information relevant content, specific see below:
 
Part 14: Transport Information
Dangerous Goods Code: 32006
UN Number: 1206
Package mark: No information available
Package Type: 502
Packaging: small opening drums; ampoule outside the ordinary wooden box; thread mouth bottle, Lid pressure bottles, plastic bottles or metal (cans) outside the ordinary wooden box.
Transportation Note: Transport vehicles should be equipped with the appropriate variety and quantity of fire equipment and emergency equipment leakage. The best choice is transporting in the morning and evening in summer. When used in transport groove (tank) cars should be grounded chain, tank can be installed to reduce the partition static electricity shocks. Strictly prohibited and oxidants, food chemicals mixed operation. Transit should be anti-exposure, rain, high temperature. Stopovers should be away from fire, heat, hot zone. Shipment of the goods vehicle exhaust pipe must be equipped with fire retardant devices, prohibit the use of easy to produce sparks of mechanical handling equipment and tools. Forbidden transport with wooden, cement and bulk.
 
Section 15: Regulatory Information
Regulatory Information: Chemical Dangerous Goods Safety Management Regulations (February 17, 1987, the State Council), the Regulations of Chemical Dangerous Goods Safety Management Regulations (the Labor Fa [1992] No. 677), the workplace safe use of chemicals ([1996] labor department No. 423) and other regulations for the safe use of hazardous chemicals, production, storage, transport, handling, etc. are made corresponding provisions; commonly used dangerous chemicals classification and signs (GB 13690-92) the material designated 3.2 for the first class flash point of flammable liquids.
 
Part 16: Other Information
References: Not information available
Filling department: Not information available
Data Audit Unit: Not information available
Modify Description: Not information available
Other information: Not information available


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From "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering" to N-Heptane MSDS - Ⅵ

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015
N-heptane, acting a kind of liquid material in degreasing solvent process in "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering", and the following article will introduce the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)Part 9: Physical And Chemical Properties and Part 10: Stability And Reactivity relevant content, specific see below:
 
Part 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
The main ingredients: pure
Appearance: colorless, volatile liquid
PH: No data
Melting point: -90.5 ℃
Boiling point: 98.5 ℃
Flash Point: -4 ℃
Ignition temperature: 204 ℃
Critical temperature: 201.7 ℃
Relative density: 0.68 (water = 1)
Relative vapor density: 3.45 (Air = 1)
Vapor pressure: 5.33 kPa (22.3 ℃)
Heat of combustion: 4806.6 kJ / mol
Critical pressure: 1.62 MPa
Logarithm of the octanol / water partition coefficient: No data
Lower explosion limit: 1.1% (V / V)
Upper explosion limit: 6.7% (V / V)
Solubility: insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, soluble in ether and chloroform.
Main application: as octane measurement standards, solvents, as well as for organic synthesis, for the preparation of laboratory reagents.
Other Properties:
 
Part 10: Stability And Reactivity
Stability:
Avoid: Strong oxidizing agents
Conditions to avoid: No data
Hazardous Polymerization: No data
Decomposition products: No data

Tungsten electrodes


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From "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering" to N-Heptane MSDS - Ⅴ

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015
N-heptane, a kind of liquid material in degreasing solvent in "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering", this article introduces the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) Part 8: Exposure Controls / Personal Protection relevant content, specific see below:
 
Part 8: Exposure Control / Personal Protection
Occupational Exposure Limits
China MAC (mg / m3): Failure to develop standard
Former Soviet Union MAC (mg / m3): 300
TLVTN: OSHA 500ppm, 2050mg / m3; ACGIH 400ppm, 1640mg / m3
TLVWN: ACGIH 500ppm, 2050mg / m3
Monitoring Methods:
Engineering controls: The production process is sealed, and fully ventilated. Provide safety shower and eyewash equipment.
Respiratory protection: When the concentration of n-heptane is higher in air, wearing filtered gas masks (half-mask).
Eye protection: Wear safety glasses.
Physical protection: Wear antistatic uniforms.
Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves.
Other protection: No smoking at scene work. Avoid long-term repeated exposure.
 
Remarks:
MAC refers to the maximum allowable concentration, which is maximum allowable concentration.
(1) Toxicology MAC︰MAC refers to in the workplace air, a representative sample at any time shall not exceed the concentration measurement. At this concentration, the workers engaged in productive labor for a long-erm, does not cause any occupational acute or chronic hazard.
(2) Life environment MAC: it refers to the toxic substances limits in air, water, soil medium. 
Because specific contact conditions and people are different, therefore, even it is an exogenous chemical substance, whose MAC in life and production environment is also different.

Tungsten electrode welding


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From "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering" to N-Heptane MSDS - Ⅳ

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015
N-heptane, as liquid material in degreasing solvent process in "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering", and this article introduces the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) Part 7: Handling And Storage relevant content.
 
Part 7: Handling And Storage
 
Handling Precautions: 
(1) The operation should be done in closed and full ventilation space. 
(2) The ventilation systems and equipment used is explosion-proof. (3) All relevant operating personnel must be trained specialized knowledge and specific operation, and the operator must abide by the rules strictly. 
(4) Propose that operators wearing filter respirators (half-mask), wearing rubber gloves, and safety glasses and anti-static overalls. 
(5) Work field requires staying away from fire, heat, and non-smoking. 
(6) Avoid contact with oxidizing agents. 
(7) When filling, the flow rate should be controlled, and there is a grounding device to prevent electrostatic accumulation. 
(8) To prevent vapor leakage into the workplace air. 
(9) Equipped with the appropriate variety and quantity of fire equipment and emergency equipment leakage. 
(10) Note that handles empty containers which may contain harmful residues.
 
Storage notes: 
(1) Stored in a cool, and ventilated warehouse. 
(2) Maintain the sealing of the container.
(3) Keep away from fire and heat. 
(4) Storage temperature should not exceed 30 ℃.
(5) Should not stored mixed with the oxidizer. 
(6) The explosion-proof lighting, ventilation facilities are needed. 
(7) Prohibits the use of mechanical equipment and tools which are easy to produce sparks.
(8) The storage area should be equipped with spill response equipment and suitable host materials.


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From "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering" to N-Heptane MSDS - Ⅲ

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015
N-heptane is a liquid material used in degreasing solvent in "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering", and this article introduces the MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheet)  Part 5: Fire-Fighting Measures and Part 6: Leak Emergency Treatment.
 
Part 5: Fire-Fighting Measures
Hazardous characteristics: (1) When contacts with oxidants, it will cause fire or a chemical reaction. (2) It is flammable, and its vapor and air can form explosive mixtures in case of fire and heat, it will have a hazard of burning and explosion. (3) After high-speed impact, mobile, stirring sparks, it will cause combustion explosion because of electrostatic spark discharge (4) Its vapor is heavier than air, so it will spread to a place where is far away, and whose fire source will fire back.
Hazardous combustion products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Fire fighting methods: spray water to cool containers, if possible, move containers from the scene to an empty department. If the containers at the scene has any discoloration or to there is a sound produced from the relief safety devices, you must evacuate immediately. Fire extinguishing agent: There is foam, powder, sand or carbon dioxide. It is invalid to use water to put out the fire.
 
Part 6: Leak Emergency Treatment:
Emergency Treatment:
A small leak: use activated carbon or other inert material to absorb the leakage. Large Leak: (1) cut off the fire source. (2) Rapid withdrawal personnel from air leakage to a safe area, and isolation and strict restrictions on access. (3) Build a causeway or trenching asylum. (4) Cover with foam, lower vapor disasters. (5) Suggest that the emergency personnel wearing Self positive pressure respirator, and wear anti-static overalls. (6) If possible, cut off the source of leakage. (7) To prevent the leakage from flowing into sewage, drainage ditch and other confined space.

Tungsten electrode - annealing


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From "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering" to N-Heptane MSDS - Ⅱ

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015
N-heptane is used as liquid material for degreasing solvent in "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering", and this article will introduce the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) Part 3: Hazards and the part 4: First Aid Measures.
 
Part 3: Hazards
Risk category: No data
Pathways: No data
Health hazards: This product has a narcotic effect and irritation.
Acute toxicity: Inhalation of vapors of this product may cause dizziness, nausea, anorexia, euphoria and staggering gait, and even lead to loss of consciousness and stupor. It has slight irritation to the skin.
Chronic effects: Long-term exposure can cause neurasthenia. Few people have a phenomenon of mild neutropenia, and indigestion.
Environmental hazards: No data
Explosion Hazard: This product is flammable, and irritating.
 
Part 4: First Aid Measures
Skin contact: Remove off the contaminated clothing of the patient; wash his skin thoroughly with water and soap.
Eye contact: Did eyelid, wash with mobile water or saline rinse and consult a doctor.
Inhalation: Rapidly from the scene to fresh air; keep the airway open; if breathing is difficult, give oxygen; if breathing stops, artificial respiration immediately and consult a doctor.
Ingestion: Drink enough water, emetic and to seek medical treatment.

Cerium tungsten electrodes


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From "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing And Sintering" to N-Heptane MSDS -Ⅰ

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015
N-heptane is a liquid material for solvent degreasing in "Metal Injection Molding Process Research Experiments of Tungsten Electrodes - Degreasing and Sintering ", and this article will introduce some detail about n-heptane MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for the part 1: Chemical Name and the part 2: Composition / Information below.
 
Part 1: Chemical Name
Chinese Chemical Name: 正庚烷  
Chinese name 2: 庚烷  
Chemicals English name: n-heptane
English name 2:
Technical Manual Code: 444
CAS No.: 142-82-5
Formula: C7H16
Molecular Weight: 100.21
 
Part 2: Composition / Information
Hazardous components: n-heptane
Content:
 
Remarks:
CAS No. also known as CAS NO \ CAS Number \ CAS Registry Number, which is drawn up by the United States CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) for chemical substance, and it is an important tool for searching the chemical substance information with more than one name, it is a unique digital identification numbers for some kind of substance, including compounds, mixtures, alloys, polymers or biological sequences. Now, almost all chemical databases allow CAS number to search information. CAS, the organization under the American Chemical Society, which is responsible for assigning a CAS number of each substance, appeared in the literature. Purpose: to avoid the trouble of chemicals substance with many names, making the searching for database more convenient. Until December 25, 2005, CAS has registered 27,115,156 substances of lastest information, and it is still increase with the speed of more than 4,000 per day.

MSDS


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Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method For The Determination Of Copper Content In Ferrotungsten

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015

The samples were decomposed by oxalic acid-hydrogen peroxide and the influence of acidity and interfering ions on the determination results of copper were investigated A method for the determination of copper content in the ferrotungsten by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was proposed.

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. It is more specific than the general term electromagnetic spectroscopy in that spectrophotometry deals with visible light, near-ultraviolet, and near-infrared, but does not cover time-resolved spectroscopic techniques.

Spectrophotometry uses photometers that can measure a light beam's intensity as a function of its color (wavelength) known as spectrophotometers. Important features of spectrophotometers are spectral bandwidth, (the range of colors it can transmit through the test sample), and the percentage of sample-transmission, and the logarithmic range of sample-absorption and sometimes a percentage of reflectance measurement.

 

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