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Tungsten Carbide Nozzle Plasma Activated Sintering Technology II

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015

The four steps are applies an axial pressure to the powder, produces plasma for activation of the powder particles through pulse current discharge, with a direct current resistance of the sample is heated up to the required temperature and maintained for a certain time and the stress relief step. The most obvious difference between SPS and PAS is the third step, which SPS is heating by pulse current and it does not use DC as hot source during the whole sintering process.

Compared to common hot pressed sintering, conventional sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), tungsten carbide nozzle plasma activated sintering technology has many advantages. First of all, it uses a DC to heat powder material and a graphite mold directly, and uses switching DC pulse voltage to generate high-temperature plasma among the powder particles or between voids. Therefore, the operation will be more convenient and more precise in sintering energy controlling. And the inside of material has been heated uniformly, the heat transfer efficiency improved, the material densification improved.
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Tungsten Carbide Nozzle Plasma Activated Sintering Technology

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015

Plasma activated sintering (for short PAS), which takes advantage of switching DC pulse voltage generated high-temperature plasma among the powder particles or between voids. The plasma is a high-temperature, high reactive ionized gas conductance, and is capable of producing high-temperature about 4000-10000K.

So that the plasma can remove the impurities and gas adsorption of the powder grain surface quickly, which promote the substance spreading and moving, accelerating the sintering process and improving the efficiency. It is similar to self-propagation high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and microwave sintering, which is a kind of process that using the heat of inside powder for instant sintering. In general, tungsten carbide nozzle plasma activated sintering technology has four main steps.
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Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
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Tungsten Carbide Nozzle Spark Plasma Sintering Technology

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015

During spark plasma sintering (SPS) process, the electrode through the DC pulse currents and generated discharge plasma, which makes individual particles uniformly distribute, generate Joule heat and particle surface activation. SPS process is similar to microwave sintering, which takes advantage of the self-heating effect inside for sintering. It can be considered as a process that combines the particle discharge, conductive heat and the pressure. Except heating and pressure two promoting factors, SPS technology can make partial melting of the surface and the surface of the material flaking through effective discharge produced local high temperature particles; And removing the impurities of powder grain surface or adsorption by the sputtering of high-temperature plasma and the impact of discharge.
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Tungsten Carbide Milling Cutter Nomenclature

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015
A Tungsten carbide milling cutter usually have the following parts as you may also find mostly on common milling cutter, but a Tungsten carbide cutter has at least a special cutting part made of Tungsten carbide for even harder work.
 
• The pitch refers to the angular distance between like or adjacent teeth.
 
• The pitch is determined by the number of teeth. The tooth face is the forward facing surface of the tooth that forms the cutting edge.
 
• The cutting edge is the angle on each tooth that performs the cutting.
 
• The land is the narrow surface behind the cutting edge on each tooth.
 
• The rake angle is the angle formed between the face of the tooth and the centerline of the cutter. The rake angle defines the cutting edge and provides a path for chips that are cut from the workpiece.
 
• The primary clearance angle is the angle of the land of each tooth measured from a line tangent to the centerline of the cutter at the cutting edge. This angle prevents each tooth from rubbing against the workpiece after it makes its cut.
 
• This angle defines the land of each tooth and provides additional clearance for passage of cutting oil and chips.
 
• The hole diameter determines the size of the arbor necessary to mount the milling cutter.
 
• Plain milling cutters that are more than 3/4 inch in width are usually made with spiral or helical teeth. A plain spiral-tooth milling cutter produces a better and smoother finish and requires less power to operate. A plain helical-tooth milling cutter is especially desirable when milling an uneven surface or one with holes in it.
 
 
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Tungsten Carbide Drill Bits Among Others- A Classification of Drills By Materials

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015
Not all drill bits are the same. Because different projects have different needs, drill bits come in a variety of shapes and are made from different materials based on the task they are designed to perform. Choosing the wrong drill bit can lead to structural flaws in the project, broken bits, and even damaged drills. Selecting a bit that is made from the right material will help ensure the hole drilled has a smooth edge and that none of the equipment being used is damaged in the process. To a large degree, selecting the right drill bit material for a project depends on the material that will be drilled through and the hardness of the material used to form the drill bit.
 
The best way to determine what drill bit is right for the job is to have an understanding of all the available types and make an informed decision based on that understanding.
 
Drill Bit Materials
There are a number of metals used to make drill bits. Each material is best suited to drill through a particular type of surface. It is important to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each material type when selecting the bit for any project.
 
Low Carbon Steel
Low carbon steel drill bits are appropriate for drilling softwoods only. They are too soft for use with hardwoods and metals, and tend to dull frequently; they also need to be sharpened often to improve their lifespan. Despite these flaws, they have the distinct benefit of being extremely inexpensive.
 
High Carbon Steel
High carbon steel bits have a higher temperature tolerance than low carbon steel bits, so they hold up to wear better and require less frequent sharpening. They are suitable for drilling thin metal and hardwood surfaces. They cost about the same amount as low carbon steel bits and are a better option for basic drilling.
 
High-Speed Steel
High-speed steel bits, sometimes called HSS drill bits, are made of an extremely hard carbon steel that has a higher heat resistance than high carbon steel. This allows them to be used at higher drilling speeds, and insures that the bits maintain their structural integrity longer. HSS bits can be coated to improve certain features, and their porous surface holds coatings well.
 
Carbide
Carbide tipped drill bits are specialized tips on hardened steel bits. Carbide tipped drill bits have the ability to dissipate heat rapidly, and so will hold an edge longer and tolerate heat better than other drill bit options. Unfortunately, carbide tipped bits are very brittle and will chip if they are not handled with care. They are appropriate for drilling hardwood and thin metals.
 
Cobalt
Cobalt drill bits are extremely hard and are useful in boring into material too hard for standard high-speed drill bits like stainless steel and other thicker metal surfaces. Cobalt is less susceptible to heat damage than any other drill bit type, but it is also extremely brittle and prone to accidental damage.
 
Diamond Drill Bits
Polycrystalline diamond drill bits, sometimes simply referred to as PCDs, are made of the hardest drill bit material available on the market. The bits are made by coating a carbide bit in diamond particles. Diamond drill bits grind away the surface they are drilling into, rather than cutting into the surface. They are appropriate for cutting through a variety of extremely hard surfaces including granite, ceramic tile, marble, fiberglass, stone, glass, and heavy metals.
 
Drill Bit Coatings
Drill bit coatings make the drill bit harder, more lubricated, sharper, or more heat resistant than the metal bit is on its own. Coatings significantly improve the cutting quality, durability, and lifespan of drill bits.
 
Black Oxide
Black oxide is the most basic and inexpensive coating. It is commonly used on high-speed steel bits and provides a higher level of heat resistance and improved lubrication. It also protects the bit against water damage, rust, and corrosion.
 
Titanium Nitride
A titanium nitride, sometimes called TiN, coating reduces friction during drilling and increases heat resistance. Coating a drill bit with titanium nitride can increase the life of the bit up to 5 times. It also allows for faster drilling speeds.
 
Titanium Aluminum Nitride
Titanium aluminum nitride, sometimes referred to as TiAIN, is designed to increase the hardness and temperature resistance of the bit. Bits with a TiAIN coating are heat resistant up to 800 degrees Celsius, and cling well to a variety of base bit types.
 
Zirconium Nitride
Zirconium nitride strengthens brittle drill bit types and decreases friction. It is an excellent coating for drill bits that will be used for precision drilling. It is also effective at reducing the risk of accidental damage on brittle bit types caused by rough handling and basic wear and tear.
 
Specialty Bits
Specialty bits are made of rarer materials and often have a specifically designed shape that makes them perfect for a certain project. These bits are generally more expensive and harder to find than more traditional drill bits.
 
Tungsten Carbide
Tungsten carbide bits are extremely expensive and extremely brittle. This material is only used to make very fine drill bits. Typically tungsten carbide drill bits have a diameter of less than 1 mm. They are useful in small space drilling situations, and are hard enough to withstand the wear and tear of drilling through abrasive materials.
 
Diamond Core
Diamond core drill bits are used in stone cutting and masonry. Instead of the traditional point and auger style drill bit, these are hollow tip drill bits that cut or grind a circle using the outer edge of the bit. The core drill bit cuts a core or plug from the stone or glass it is used to cut, so that there are fewer shavings and potentially harmful shards of material when the drilling project is complete.
 
Masonry Bit
Masonry bits are made of hard carbon steel but have a specialized tip made of a harder metal. The tip is typically welded into the end of the drill bit. These bits are designed to cut through concrete, brick, and mortar during the masonry process.
 
PCB Drill Bit
PCB drill bits are a type of micro-drill bit that has a diameter of 1 mm or smaller. They are designed to bore holes in the electronic computer boards of most electronic objects. Because they are so fine, they are commonly made of carbide, which can hold up to the fiberglass board better than the alternatives.
 
Flexible Shaft Bit
Flexible shaft bits are made of spring steel and are designed to flex while drilling. They can be bent while in motion so that the hole drilled can curve inside of walls and create uniquely shaped holes. They are commonly used when running wiring in homes or doing construction work in areas with limited workspace.
 
Conclusion
Drill bits are used for boring holes through a number of surfaces including walls, wood, sheet metal, computer hardware, masonry projects, and more. Because drill bits are used on such a variety of surfaces, tool companies have developed drill bits in a growing number of materials and styles to accommodate the unique needs of every drilling project. Take the time to research what drill bit is right for a project before making a purchasing decision to ensure the bit selected is hard enough to bore through the material at hand and create a hole with smooth even edges.
 
 
Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
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API Standards For Rock Bits And PDC Bits

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 02 September 2015

API standards, as established by the American Petroleum Institute, enable drilling professionals the world over to communicate clearly.

American Petroleum Institute Standards for PDC and Rock Bit Tolerances

Bit Size (In.)

O.D. Tolerance (In.)

O.D. Tolerance (In.)

6 3/4" and smaller

-0.015 to +0.00 PDC

-0.0 to +1/32 Rock Bit

6 25/32" to 9"

-0.020 to +0.00 PDC

-0.0 to +1/32 Rock Bit

9 1/32" to 13 3/4"

-0.030 to +0.00 PDC

-0.0 to +1/32 Rock Bit

17 17/32" and larger

-0.063 to +0.00 PDC

-0.0 to +3/32 Rock Bit

9 1/32" to 13 3/4"

-0.030 to +0.00 PDC

-0.0 to +1/32 Rock Bit

13 25/32" to 17 1/2"

-0.045 to +0.00 PDC

-0.0 to +1/16 Rock Bit

PDC bits are gauged by either a "go" gauge or a "no go" gauge. 

A "no go"gauge is used to ensure a bit is not smaller than allowed and, as the name implies, it should not go or slip down the entire length of the bit.  A "go gauge ensures a bit is not larger than allowed and should slip down the entire bit. 

Rock Bit Size and API Standard Connection

3 1/2" to 4 1/2" drill bits - 2 3/8" API Reg. pin
4 5/8" to 5 1/2" drill bits - 2 7/8" API Reg. pin
5 5/8" to 7 3/8" drill bits - 3 1/2" API Reg. pin

Number of Nozzles

Nozzle
Size

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

7

.0376

.0752

.1127

.1503

.1877

.2255

.2631

.3007

8

.0491

.0982

.1473

.1963

.2454

.2945

.3435

.3927

9

.0621

.1242

.1864

.2485

.3106

.3728

.4249

.4970

10

.0767

.1534

.2301

.3060

.3835

.4602

.5369

.6136

11

.0928

.1856

.2784

.3712

.4640

.5568

.6496

.7424

12

.1104

.2209

.3313

.4418

.5522

.6627

.7731

.8836

13

.1296

.2592

.3889

.5185

.6481

.7777

.9073

1.0370

14

.1503

.3007

.4510

.6013

.7517

.9020

1.0523

1.2026

15

.1726

.3451

.5177

.6903

.8629

1.0354

1.2080

1.3806

16

.1963

.3927

.5890

.7854

.9817

1.1781

1.3744

1.5708

18

.2485

.4970

.7455

.9940

1.2425

1.4910

1.7395

1.9880

20

.3068

.6136

.9204

1.2272

1.5340

1.8408

2.1476

2.4544

 

.3712

.7424

1.1137

1.4849

1.8561

2.2273

2.5986

2.9698

 

Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
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Tungsten Carbide Nozzle Spark Plasma Sintering Technology

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 01 September 2015

Spark plasma sintering (referred to SPS) is a kind of progress that put metal powder into the mold made by graphite and other materials, which uses the upper and lower punches to excert energized electrodes and particular sintering pressure to produce high performance material after discharge activation, thermoplastic deformation and cooling. SPS process and hot pressing (HP) have some similarities, but the heating mode is completely different, which uses DC pulse current pressure sintering to sintering directly. In general, DC pulse current plays a significant role in generating discharge plasma, the impact of the discharge pressure, Joule heat and the diffusion of electric field.
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Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
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Tungsten Carbide Nozzle Microwave Sintering Technology IV

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 01 September 2015

The second is the presence of microwave irradiation decreases the activation energy, and it is not easy to grow grains, resulting, which can achieve more uniform fine grain microstructure, and the internal porosity has been reduced so that the products have better ductility and toughness. In addition, the sintering temperature required is also decreasing. Last but not least, microwave sintering can be alternative for material heating.

Different materials have different capacity of absorbing microwave so that we can not only use alternative heating or selective chemical reactions to obtain new materials and new structures, but also can control the heating zone by adds some wave-absorbing material or take advantage of strongly absorbing  material to preheat the transparent material and other methods. Compared to traditional sintering progress, tungsten carbide nozzle microwave sintering is more easily to control and it is save and pollution-free, which deserves to be popularized.

 

Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
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Tungsten Carbide Nozzle Microwave Sintering Technology III

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 01 September 2015

Some scientists also found that the microwave field can enhanced the effect of ionic conductivity, and they think high-frequency electric field can promote the transfer of the surface of grain charged vacancy so that the grain is in plastic deformation and promote the sintering of conduct to some extent. In addition, the neck area of sintering that is highly affected by the electric field, which can also make local area ionization for further accelerating the mass transfer process.

The most main advantage of tungsten carbide nozzle microwave sintering is that the microwave was directly coupling with material. Due to the volume of microwave heating, the whole area can receive zero gradient material uniformly heated. The decreases of internal material thermal stress, the decreases of cracking and the deformation occurs, and the material microwave can be absorbed directly into heat so that energy usage has been greatly improved and saved about 80% of energy than conventional sintering.
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Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
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Tungsten Carbide Nozzle Microwave Sintering Technology II

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 01 September 2015

Compared to traditional sintering process, microwave sintering technology increases the kinetic energy of interior sintered material molecules, atoms, ions, etc. And the sintered material reduced activation energy, increased diffusion coefficient, which can be fast sintering and getting grain refinement through the interaction of microwave sintering material at low-temperature. Microwave radiation can promote densification specifically due to it is not only heating energy, but also a sintering activation process. To analyze the phenomenon, the structure and the apparent activation energy, microwave radiation was found indeed largely contributed to the diffusion of atoms, and the diffusion coefficient under microwave heating was significantly higher than the diffusion coefficient under conventional heating.
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Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
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