With the development of atomic energy industry and the wide application of various radioisotopes, radioactive waste is gradually increasing. Radioactive waste is waste that contains radioactive material. It is usually a by-product of nuclear power generation and other applications of nuclear fission or nuclear technology, such as research and medicine. According to the physical properties of radioactive waste, it can be divided into radioactive gas waste, radioactive liquid waste and radioactive solid waste. Radioactive liquid waste means radioactive waste produced during the process of operation and treatment for radioactive materials, the radioactivity of which not only will pollute the environment, affect the growth of plants and animals, and result in water deterioration, but also can be hazardous to human health, and even has adverse effects on the offspring.

Radioactive liquid waste which has a harmful effect on human health can produce radiation to damage human tissue and organs. Radioactive liquid waste not only can cause external radiation damage outside the human body, but also can enter the body by eating, breathing and other ways to cause internal irradiation. Therefore, the cases of human or animals breathe the radioactive material released in the atmosphere by radioactive liquid waste or accidentally ingest radioactive waste will cause radiation sickness. According to reports, 400rad doses of radiation exposure can lead to the mortality rate of 50%; 650rad doses of radiation exposure can lead to the mortality rate of 100%. Although the mortality rate drop down to zero in the doses of radiation exposure below 150rad, but it can also cause long-term irradiation effects, including causing leukemia, bone cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer and other cancers, as well as causing varying degrees of shortened life expectancy, and these symptoms may take 20 years to show it. In addition, radiation can lead to dizziness, hair loss, erythema, decreased immunity, fatigue, weakness and other symptoms. Therefore, you can use tungsten alloy container for radioactive liquid waste to storage and treat radioactive liquid waste.

Tungsten alloy container is the best choice for radioactive liquid waste. Compared with the lead container, high-density tungsten alloy container for radioactive waste can provide the same radiation absorption rate, while using less material than the lead container. And tungsten alloy container for radioactive liquid waste has very high melting point so that can be used in high temperature environment while lead cannot. Moreover, tungsten alloy container for radioactive liquid waste is extremely environmentally and friendly. 

Tungsten copper liner has better properties than the pure copper liner and the properties of the liner mainly depends on W-Cu composite powder preparing and sintering process. Conventional process is mechanical alloying (MA), which has high-energy ball milling with W powder and Cu powder and occur crushing – cold welding – crushing process with solid state reaction, so a uniform distribution of tungsten copper powder can be obtained. However, tungsten powder has higher hardness and difficult to be formed, which can easily be formed gravity segregation and cause the uneven distribution of liner density in a hydraulic powder metallurgy process. Currently, relevant researchers further improve the process by grain refinement.

Explosive powder sintering technology is known as shock-wave consolidation or shock-wave compaction, which uses shock-wave or detonation adiabatic compression temperature instant powder produced by high pressure powder densification and sintering. Since the explosive sintering is a transient process, the composite interface is almost no diffusion occurs. So it not only can overcome the segregation of tungsten copper, but also the grains are too late to grow up because of the transient process, the grain is fine and the structure is uniform. The experiments show that in the process of explosive sintering, oxide powder will affect the density and microstructure of compacted material blank, which requires the powder must be fully restored.

In order to ensure that the material has a good macro-structure, the need for the process parameters have higher requirements, including the packing density of the powder, the powder ratio (mass of explosive powder and compaction ratio) of explosives and explosive rate. If the powder packing density is small, medium more loose, Mach angle decreases, explosive compaction process can easily produce Mach hole; if explosive rate is too high will form Mach reflection in the central region of the blank compaction, ejection material melts, cracks and holes. Overall, tungsten copper liner explosive sintering is beneficial for removing the component segregation and area density difference, which can remarkably improve the structure, penetration depth and armor penetration.

In today's highly modernized military industry, a growing number of armored tanks, armored vehicle equipped with reactive armor has a very high anti-missile capabilities, which also brings the corresponding anti-armor weapons a more serious challenge. The combination of shaped charge and precision guidance is the most effective anti-armor weapon, and the liner is key component of the shaped charge and carrier of shaped, whose performance will directly affect the density, the speed, the length of continuous jet, penetration depth and armor performance. Theoretically, it requires tungsten copper liner has higher density, excellent ductility, which can ensure that the jet can be stretched without fracture before the penetration. Conventional powder liner materials include copper, steel, tantalum, tin and so on, but due to the single material can not meet the various properties requirements today, the composite liner appears.

Compared with liner with single material, composite liner combines different properties of metals or alloys and designs according to the liner to show the advantages of them, which has higher energy efficiency, higher energy conversion efficiency, more reasonable absorption mechanism and excellent armor performance and it is a new trend of liner development. Multi-phase composite liner commonly used are W-Cu, Ta-Cu, Re-Cu system, and wherein the tungsten copper W-Cu overall performance of the most prominent performance-related Liner are the best matches. Tungsten copper alloy is Cu difference between two kinds of physical and chemical properties of W and face-centered cubic structure of the body-centered cubic structure is neither large nor the formation of pseudo alloy intermetallic compounds. It not only has high hardness, high strength, high density, low thermal expansion coefficient and excellent abrasion resistance of W and also has plasticity and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity of Cu. Tungsten jet head with a higher speed, when penetrating armor can shorten the time through, thereby facilitating against reactive armor. But it is brittle and the powder adhesion is poor, the added copper powder with good ductility can contribute to the shaping process and improve the jet stability, avoid breaking.

Radioactive decay, also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity, is the process by which the nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays and conversion electrons. A decay, or loss of energy from the nucleus, results when an atom with one type of nucleus, called the parent radionuclide (or parent radioisotope), transforms into an atom with a nucleus in a different state, or with a nucleus containing a different number of protons and neutrons. The product is called the daughter nuclide. In some decays, the parent and the daughter nuclides are different chemical elements, and thus the decay process results in the creation of an atom of a different element.

No matter be which kind of decay, radioactive rays will be generated. Exposure of large dose or exposure of a certain dose for a long-term both will cause harm to human body. Such as γ-rays can penetrate human skin and get into human body, to interact with cells in vivo, thus eroding complex organic molecules (such as proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes). These molecules once destroyed, the normal chemical processes in the human body will get disturbed, and cell death will be increased in severe cases. Other radiation also can penetrate the human skin to cause radiation damage. When radiation enters the body, it will destroy the molecular structure of the genetic material DNA, leading to congenital malformations or leukemia, and it will also damage the reproductive system, central nervous system and endocrine system and cause cataracts, cancer, and a number of radiation sickness.

Tungsten alloy radiation shielding can be used to shield the radioactive rays produced by the process of radioactive decay. Tungsten alloy radiation shielding for radioactive decay is made up of tungsten heavy alloy with high density. Since the shielding property of a material is closely related to its density. The higher the density is, the better the shielding performance is. Therefore Tungsten alloy radiation shielding for radioactive decay has excellent shielding property, so that can absorb and shield the radioactive rays produced by the process of radioactive decay in a high degree, protecting humans from radiation damage. The density of lead is lower than tungsten alloy, so comparing to the same weight of lead shielding, tungsten alloy radiation shielding is smaller and thinner. In addition, tungsten alloy radiation shielding for radioactive decay is non-toxic and environmentally friendly shielding material.