Eltra brand was estabilished in 1980 in German, mainly focusing on research and development of elemental analyzer. It has been extended to the oxygen nitrogen hydrogen analyzer from the beginning of carbon sulfur analyzer, which is wild about research and manufacturing of analyzer. Nowadays, Eltra has become the leader on the area of elemental analyzer, which is mainly applied in steel, mining, automotive, aviation, coal, building materials, and universities and research institutes. This brand developed a resistance furnace carbon sulfur analyzer with Siemens in 1981, which was first sold in Germany in 1984. In 1988, Eltra researched and developed induction furnace carbon sulfur analyzer, expanding the international market and improving the instruments and technology for many years.

Eltra carbon sulfur analyzer can detect the content of iron, copper, alloys, ores, cement, ceramics, carbon compounds, minerals, sand, glass and other solid materials quickly and accurately. Carbon sulfur analyzer of this brand mainly consists of 16-bit microprocessor, a separate induction furnace and four Infrared detecting pools which are used to detect high and low carbon and sulfur respectively. In the detection process, this instrument can automatically switch the low range and high range of detection. The CS-800 carbon sulfur analyzer of Eltra usually adopt tungsten granule as its flux, and it has a high sensitivity, good performance, wide measurement range, and accurate analysis results, etc. There is a more special characteristic, when the detection analysis, the instrument can display its working status real time to ensure the analysis can be done simply and reliably. In addition, detection time of this type of carbon sulfur analyzer is only 40-50 seconds, which costs less time to finish the determination, and it generally use magnesium perchlorate and alkali asbestos as chemical reagent.

ELTRA is one of the world's leading manufacturers of elemental analyzers for rapid and accurate analysis of solid materials. The carbon / sulfur analyzer CS-800 is equipped with up to four independent infrared (IR) cells which allow for precise simultaneous analysis of high and low carbon and sulfur concentrations in one measurement. The sensitivity of the cells can be customized individually by selecting the length of the IR path to ensure the optimum measuring properties for each application.

Labfit brand was established in 1992, which is an Australian-owned manufacturer of commercial grade laboratory equipment in the soil testing and carbon sulphur analysis industry. Labfit carbon sulfur analyzer is a famous Australian brand, which has many excellent technical staff that has rich experiences with solid theoretical foundation in Australia, won the trust and praise of majority of users. It possesses advanced analysis, testing, testing equipment, the main application areas include petroleum, coal, materials, universities, chemical, metallurgy, environmental protection, food and agriculture and others.

Its CS1232 infrared carbon sulfur analyzer enjoys a great popularity in the world. The type of Labfit carbon sulfur analyzer uses the latest solid-state infrared absorption detection technology with high measurement accuracy. The application of vertical furnace, make the temperature can be controlled at the set value of 1%, which can reduce the chances of rupturing of a ceramic tube. Its user interface is intuitive and easy to be understood. When the analysis of the measurement, the measuring system will automatically select the appropriate sulfur measurement unit by using the 48-bit sample injector.

Width of CS1232 infrared carbon sulfur analyzer is 76 cm, its depth is 66 cm with a height of 93 cm. It weighs about 90 kg. The detection method is using a solid-state infrared absorption. Vertical resistance furnace, using a cylindrical silicon carbide to heat elements, in order to ensure uniform temperature distribution. Use two magnesium perchlorates as drying tower, and adopt a glass wool as a filter. The carrier gas is 99.5% of pure oxygen, pneumatic gas is dry and clean compressed air, the flow of oxygen should be controlled at 3l per minute. Double purification system is used to prevent gas from entering inside the combustion tube, avoiding unnecessary industrial accidents. Using a non-porous ceramic crucible, tungsten granule is the main flux. Analyzed data including time / date, name of samples, description, number of samples, weight of samples, dial number, analyzing data, analyzing curve, analyzing time, and other standard values. However, the analysis would take long time to finish the determination, which requires 60-180 seconds. It is easy to operate air filter dust collectors and centrifugal sampling tube whose material is very strong, and it can withstand daily use. It is portable equipment with a simple appearance, with a simple keyboard to input flow calibration value.

Gamma ray, also denoted as the lower-case Greek letter γ, is extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation that consists of high-energy photons. It is produced from a process called gamma decay in which an atomic nucleus decays from a high energy state to a lower energy state. Gamma rays typically have frequencies above 10 exahertz, and thus have energies above 100 keV and wavelengths less than 10 picometers, which is less than the diameter of an atom. However, this is not a strict definition, but rather only a rule-of-thumb description for natural processes. Electromagnetic radiation from radioactive decay of atomic nuclei is referred to as "gamma rays" no matter its energy, so that there is no lower limit to gamma energy derived from radioactive decay. This radiation commonly has energy of a few hundred keV, and almost always less than 10 MeV.

Gamma-ray has wavelengths shorter than X-ray, so it has more strong penetrating power than X-ray. In addition, the high-energy gamma ray is an ionizing radiation, which can cause harm to humans. When the body is subjected to 200 to 600rem doses of γ-ray radiation, hematopoietic organs of the body (such as bone marrow) will be damaged, and the rays can cause the loss of white blood cells, bleeding, hair loss, and the probability of death within two months ranges from 0 to 80%; when the radiation doses are in the scope of the 600-1000rem, the probability of death within two months ranges from 80-100%; when the scope of radiation doses changes to 1000-1500rem, the human gastrointestinal system will be destroyed, accompanying some symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, endocrine disorders, and the probability of dying within two weeks almost 100%; when the radiation doses up to 5,000rem or more, can cause central nervous system damage, spasm, tremor, disorders, narcolepsy, and the probability of death within two days is 100%.

Tungsten alloy gamma ray shielding has strong ability of gamma-ray linear attenuation, so it is an ideal γ-ray shielding material. Compared with conventional shielding materials, tungsten alloy shielding reflects good value. Lead was early used as shielding material, but in the use process discovered, its radiation shielding performance is not high enough, and it can also cause serious pollution to the environment. While under the conditions of the same thickness, the radiation shielding capability of tungsten alloy shielding is twice than the lead shielding.  Moreover, tungsten alloy shielding does not produce harmful substances, so do not worry that it will cause harm to human health.

Due to the structure of anvil has some complexity, it is difficult to obtain the stress distribution of tungsten carbide anvil under ultra-high pressure by a simple experiment. But it is also a crucial factor to analyze the wear mechanism, stress distribution and the relations of geometric parameters. So the related scholars and researchers use model simulation carbide anvil in the actual work of the forces by finite element analysis theory and related software. Through Finite element analysis model, it is known that acting on the top surface of the hammer cylinder radial preload from an interference fit between the anvil and the preload ring. Preload is essentially the contact pressure, and its main role is to provide lateral support for the anvil to improve stress distribution under actual working conditions.

From the point of view of stress distribution, preload distribution is very uneven, gradually decreasing from the bottom to the top. The stress in the four corners is relatively concentrated, but also the most likely to crack parts, which produces small cracks start from the stress concentration occurs at the micro cracks and gradually increased to the top surface of the anvil extension. These parts are neither covered within the scope of pyrophyllite, nor take advantage of the strengthening force top hammer steel ring, so in most cases they completely rely on their own strength to bear the stress.

Furthermore, tungsten carbide has certain fragility and poor shear resistance. It is normal that tensile stress and shear stress appear simultaneously in the process of anvil working, which will has a sharp increase of internal stress after loading. Especially, when the accumulated fatigue or load is too large, the internal material will yield and at the edge of the anvil surface crack formation under the action of shear stress; the radial shear stress will expand the cracks area and resulting in cemented carbide material in axial compression stress of sliding, eventually leading edge broken or crushed.

In order to reduce the wear and avoid the cracking and crushing of the anvil, the relevant researchers study from two aspects, one is the release of stress, the other is improve the interference fit. And the internal stress includes the stress of grinding and machining process. The anvil just after grinding is better to use after 3 month storing to ensure the release of the internal stress. Some academics have proposed that put the grinded anvil into muffle furnace and heat gradually cooled after 3-7h. However, this process requires high precision of vary parameters controlling, or the micro cracks will expand because of the heating and cooling; Anvil and increase the amount of interference with the steel ring will help improve the strength of the anvil, but it will increase the workload of the steel ring, reducing the strength of the tightening ring, its service life will be greatly shortened.

Tungsten carbide anvil consists of hard phase WC and binder phase Co, which has higher density, higher hardness, excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. It plays an important role in some super-hard materials machining process, such as synthetic diamond, CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) and so on. The service life of tungsten carbide anvil will affect synthetic diamond properties and overall machining efficiency directly. In general, there are two kinds of evaluation criteria of tungsten carbide anvil quality, one is the frequency of use, and the other is ten thousand karats consumption.

Actually, tungsten carbide grades used in anvil usually YG6, YG8, YG12, etc. And compared with the powder with medium grain, the fine grain will remarkably improve the hardness, compressive stress, flexural strength, impact toughness and other properties. Sintered tungsten carbide anvil with medium grain service life is about 5,000 times ten thousand karats consumption> 3kg; compared with tungsten carbide anvil with fine grain hardness generally reach more than HRA90.5, bending strength of 3000MPa, the average service life is more than 8,000 times, ten thousand karats consumption <1.5kg.

Domestic synthetic diamond industry mainly is based on hexa-orientation, and six anvil compacts the six face simultaneously. Each anvil is composed by the hammer, steel ring and pad. It works through the steel ring interference fit with the hammer, a steel ring on the anvil to impose certain radial preload in six hydraulic cylinders driven, six tungsten carbide anvils are acting on the high-pressure cavity composed by pyrophyllite hexahedron, which change the graphite inside the cavity into diamond by the catalytic effect under high temperature and pressure. Pyrophyllite is a hydrous aluminum silicate layered structure, in the process of synthesis plays role in pressure transmission, sealing and insulation effect.

HORIBA brand in Japan was established in January 26, 1953, which is the world's leading provider of analytical techniques and measurement systems. In the past few years, this brand has been committed to protecting the environment, and has made considerable development, making great contributions to safety and health undertakings environmental protection of the whole world. Whether is the basis or the applications of technology, HORIBA upholds the concept to develop technology to the extremes, making efforts into further improvement of the quality and reliability of the carbon sulfur analyzer. Always adhere to the highest standards.

The EMIA series is main product of HORIBA carbon sulfur analyzer, this series instrument use the high frequency induction heating method that has the function of controlling the combustion. In this way, it can analyze metals and other inorganic materials, or analyze coal and other non-metallic materials and organic matter. What’s more, it can choose the most suitable way to heat in accordance with the different samples and application. In addition, the use of dust filters to heat can reduce the adsorption of SO₂, so that we can enhance the stability of sulfur analysis results.

Using four non-dispersive infrared detector  that are CO, high CO₂, low CO₂, SO₂ infrared detector and it can be increased automatic cleaning mechanism in accordance with users’ requirements, in order to get the detection of  carbon and sulfur with a high-precision, high performance, easy operation, and it can directly enter data transmission network. The EMIA series has a powerful data analysis processing capabilities, with the extraction, heating, dynamic display release profile, graphical comparisons and other excellent features, a large number of data processing software offer simple and efficient analytical tools for the production and research. In addition, the use of tungsten granule as a flux, EMIA series HORIBA carbon sulfur analyzer can analyze by changing the heating conditions through the current set at the both ends of the heating plate. This feature can analyze the carbon of surface and carbon inside sample respectively.

In 2003, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Horiba, HORIBA Group established an award for young scientists in the field of analytical science outside the group companies. The award is intended to support for researchers who are dedicated to the analysis and development of measurement innovative technologies.