In the early 1970s, people has researched tungsten carbide ball for pen using. Due to its excellent wear resistance and anti-corrosion, it can completely take place of normal stainless steel ball in many applications. With the development of processing, the cost of tungsten carbide ball has decreased, which spreads the tungsten carbide ball for pen using.

At present, the common types of pen in market, such as gel pen (filled with organic solvents whose viscosity is lower than oil-based ink and higher than water-based ink. The ink will transform semi-solid into liquid through nib when you are writing.); water-based pen (the main solvent is water, nib is always moist, the handwriting will smudge off when it meets water); and oil-based pen (which has high viscosity and much grease). No matter what kinds of pen, tungsten carbide ball can be suitable for pen using.

-To be continued-

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Dental students in medical schools have been taught to use carbide burs for intra-coronal preps and diamond burs for extra-coronal, but some ones still find they prefer to diamond burs all around. Is there any reason not to use diamond burs to prepare amalgam/composite cavities, provided the dimensions of the burs were correct for the preparation?

Restorative tooth preparation requires complete removal of enamel, existing restorative materials, and caries. Diamond burs will safely accomplish this and are unlikely to cause enamel fracture. However, while cutting through porcelain is best accomplished with diamonds, they are slow to cut enamel and slower at cutting metal-based restorations or sectioning cast metal copings or crowns. Diamond surfaces can also fill with debris and clog, wear smooth, and cause burnishing and overheating. Therefore, carbide burs are more often used to easily accomplish these tasks. Carbide burs should be used to trim and finish macro-filled composites and hybrid composites.

Carbides and diamonds also produce different outcomes: carbide burs slice or chip away at material, leaving the tooth surface smooth and more aesthetically pleasing. Diamond burs grind away at material, leaving a rough tooth surface which requires more polishing in the end.

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The cutting end of the tungsten carbide bur is named by its shape. There are a variety of shapes available, such as cylindrical shape (type SA), spherical shape (type SD), oval (egg) shape, tree Shape radius (type SF), Tree Shape-Pointed, Flame Shape (type SH), 60 Degree Cone Shape (type SJ), each suited to a particular task. Some of the most popular are round, pear, inverted cone, straight fissure, and tapered fissure.

Different flute angles also create different cutting characteristics and make a particular bur more appropriate for a certain task. Operative, or cavity preparation burs, have deep and wide flutes which allow for more aggressive enamel cutting with higher speed and efficiency. These operative burs are usually either straight-bladed (plain) or crosscut. Straight-bladed burs cut smoothly but more slowly, especially with harder materials. Crosscut burs have additional cuts across the blades (these are the crosscuts) to create increased cutting efficiency. While the benefit of these extra blades has been minimized in recent years with the advent of high-speed hand pieces (which cut more efficiently), crosscut burs can generally cut more quickly because debris does not build up on the bur. Trimming and finishing burs have more blades than operative burs, and the blades are closer together and shallower, which makes these burs ideal for the fine finishing and polishing of dental materials. Each type of bur shape has a number designation, with the head of the bur generally increasing in size as the number gets larger within a particular shape series. For example, round burs come in sizes from 1⁄4 to 8, with 8 having a much larger head than 1⁄4.(END)

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There are many different combinations of numbers you can use to successfully double-out in ’01 tungsten dart game. Here are some alternate out number combinations:
 
Legend: S= Single,    D= Double,    T= Triple,    SB= Single Bull,    DB= Double Bull

106 Out
S20 + T18 + D16 (20 + 54 + 32)
T20 + S6 + D20 (60 + 6 + 40)
T20 + S10 + D18 (60 + 10 + 36)
T19 + S17 + D16 (57 + 17 + 32)
105 Out
T19 + S16 + D16 (57 + 16 + 32)
T20 + S13 + D16 (60 + 13 + 32)
S20 + T19 + D14 (20 + 57 + 28)
S20 + T15 + D20 (20 + 45 + 40)
104 Out
T20 + S12 + D16 (60 + 12 + 32)
S20 + T20 + D12 (20 + 60 + 24)
S20 + T16 + D18 (20 + 48 + 36)
S18 + T18 + D16 (18 + 54 + 32)
T19 + S15 + D16 (57 + 15 + 32)
S19 + T19 + D14 (19 + 57 + 28)
103 Out
T20 + S11 + D16 (60 + 11 + 32)
S20 + T17 + D16 (20 + 51 + 32)
T20 + S3 + D20 (60 + 3 + 40)
T20 + S19 + D12 (60 + 19 + 24)
S20 + T17 + D16 (20 + 51 + 32)
102 Out
T20 + S6 + D18 (60 + 6 + 36)
T20 + S10 + D16 (60 + 10 + 32)
S20 + T14 + D20 (20 + 42 + 40)
S20 + T18 + D14 (20 + 54 + 28)
S20 + DB + D16 (20 + 50 + 32)
101 Out
T20 + 9 + D16 (60 + 9 + 32)
S20 + T19 + D12 (20 + 57 + 24)
S20 + T15 + D18 (20 + 45 + 36)
T19 + S12 + D16 (57 + 12 + 32)
S19 + T14 + D20 (19 + 42 + 40)
S19 + T18 + D14 (19 + 54 + 28)
S19 + DB + D16 (19 + 50 + 32)
100 Out
S20 + T20 + D10 (20 + 60 + 20)
S20 + T16 + D16 (20 + 48 + 32)
99 Out
T19 + S6 + D18 (57 + 6 + 36)
S19 + T20 + D10 (19 + 60 + 20)
98 Out
S20 + T18 + D12 (20 + 54 + 24)
97 Out
S19 + T18 + D12 (19 + 54 + 24)
96 Out
S20 + T20 + D8 (20 + 60 + 16)
95 Out
DB + S13 + D16 (50 + 13 + 32)
SB + T20 + D5 (25 + 60 + 10)
SB + S20 + DB (25 + 20 + 50)
S19 + T20 + D8 (19 + 60 + 16)
94 Out
DB + S12 + D16 (50 + 12 + 32)
SB + T19 + D6 (25 + 57 + 12)
SB + S19 + DB (25 + 19 + 50)
S18 + T20 + D8 (18 + 60 + 16)
93 Out
DB + S11 + D16 (50 + 11 + 32)
SB + T18 + D7 (25 + 54 + 14)
SB + S18 + DB (25 + 18 + 50)
S19 + T14 + D16 (19 + 42 + 32)
92 Out
DB + S10 + D16 (50 + 10 + 32)
SB + T17 + D8 (25 + 51 + 16)
SB + S17 + DB (25 + 17 + 50)
S20 + T20 + D6 (20 + 60 + 12)
S20 + T12 + D18 (20 + 36 + 36)
S20 + T16 + D12 (20 + 48 + 24)
91 Out
DB + S9 + D16 (50 + 9 + 32)
SB + T16 + D9 (25 + 48 + 18)
SB + S16 + DB (25 + 16 + 50)
S17 + T14 + D16 (17 + 42 + 32)
90 Out
S20 + T20 + D5 (20 + 60 + 10)
S20 + S20 + DB (20 + 20 + 50)
S18 + T20 + D6 (18 + 60 + 12)
S18 + T16 + D12 (18 + 48 + 24)
S18 + T12 + D18 (18 + 36 + 36)
DB + D20 (50 + 40)
SB + SB + D20 (25 + 25 + 40)
89 Out
S19 + T20 + D5 (19 + 60 + 10)
S19 + S20 + DB (19 + 20 + 50)
88 Out
T20 + D14 (60 + 28)
S20 + T18 + D7 (20 + 54 + 14)
S20 + S18 + DB (20 + 18 + 50)
S16 + T20 + D6 (16 + 60 + 12)
S16 + T16 + D12 (16 + 48 + 24)
S16 + T12 + D18 (16 + 36 + 36)
87 Out
S17 + T20 + D5 (17 + 60 + 10)
S17 + S20 + DB (17 + 20 + 50)
86 Out
S18 + T18 + D7 (18 + 54 + 14)
S18 + S18 + DB (18 + 18 + 50)
85 Out
T19 + D14 (57 + 28)
S19 + T16 + D9 (19 + 48 + 18)
S19 + S16 + DB (19 + 16 + 50)
S15 + T20 + D5 (15 + 60 + 10)
S15 + S20 + DB (15 + 20 + 50)
DB + S3 + D16 (50 + 3 + 32)
SB + S20 + D20 (25 + 20 + 40)
84 Out
T16 + D18 (48 + 36)
DB + D17 (50 + 34)
S20 + T14 + D11 (20 + 42 + 22)
S20 + S14 + DB (20 + 14 + 50)
S16 + T18 + D7 (16 + 54 + 14)
S16 + S18 + DB (16 + 18 + 50)
SB + S19 + D20 (25 + 19 + 40)
83 Out
S17 + T16 + D9 (17 + 48 + 18)
S17 + S16 + DB (17 + 16 + 50)
DB + S1 + D16 (50 + 1 + 32)
SB + S18 + D20 (25 + 18 + 40)
82 Out
DB + D16 (50 + 32)
SB + S17 + D20 (25 + 17 + 40)

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The maximum capacity or filling slot type radial ball bearings have inner and outer races that are notched so that when they are aligned, additional balls can be slipped into the slot in order to fill the bearing. The advantage of this bearing is that the entire groove is filled with balls.  This is called a full complement/capacity which allows these bearing types to carry increased load ratings.

Although designed to carry primarily radial loads, which are loads perpendicular to the axis of the bearing, the deeper the contour of the rolling track, the greater the ability of the bearing to tolerate thrust loads placed along the axis of the bearing. These bearings are designed for use in high speed, high precision applications for the agriculture, automotive and chemical industries. They are also found in engines, motors, hand tools, fans, etc.

For tariff purposes, radial ball bearings are divided into three types: single row ball bearings, double row ball bearings (bearings having two rolls of balls that revolve around the ball path) and bearings having more than a double row of balls. The single row ball bearings are further broken down into the maximum or full capacity type or the non-filling (Conrad) type. The ten digit classification for the Conrad type bearings is dependent on the outside diameter of the bearing. For tariff purposes, flanges and other projections from the outside surface of the outer race or ring are not included in the measurement of the outside diameter.













 

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http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/78797-ti-10033
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/78843-ti-10039
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/78844-ti-10040
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/78892-ti-10051

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Radial Ball Bearings:
Radial ball bearings are the most common and most widely used ball bearing due to their versatility and durability. There are two basic types of radial ball bearings: the non- filling or Conrad type and the filling slot or maximum capacity type. The inventor of the Conrad type bearing assembly procedure, Robert Conrad, was given British patent no. 12,206 in 1903 and U.S. patent no. 822,723 in 1906.

This method of construction places an inner ring inside of the outer ring. With the rings aligned in the same direction, the inner ring is positioned so that it touches the outer ring at one point. This creates a crescent-shaped open area where an appropriate number of balls are placed. The inner ring is then snapped back to its original position in relationship to the outer ring. The balls are evenly distributed around the raceway, and the retainer is assembled into place. Most radial ball bearings are assembled using the Conrad method of construction.














 

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http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/78750-ti-10023
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/78796-ti-10032
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/78797-ti-10033
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/78843-ti-10039
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/78844-ti-10040

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In 1913，the British mining interests had no use for tungsten considered it a nuisance because it made tin extraction more difficult. But as World War І began, military and economic experts assured each other and the world that Germany could not keep up its industrial pace，and that its ammunition supply would be exhausted in six months．But it was soon discovered that Germany was increasing its munitions output，even exceeding that of the Allies．Germany's top-secret then was the use of tungsten high-speed steel in cutting tools．And the ore，the British found out later，had been coming from their own Cornwall mines.

With this impetus，due to demands of military might，world production of tungsten had leaped by 1916 to 23,104 short tons of concentrates. Only nine years before it had been6135 short tons-an amount in those days considered surplus.

Tungsten was establish as a strategic military item in the munitions race of World War І，but the military requirements for this metal became astronomical during World War Ⅱ with the introduction by the Germanys of a tungsten carbide armor-piercing shell.

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In last part we revealed that Tungsten carbide, in different shapes such as round, cylindrical and oval, and with different cuts, single or double, are used for rapid removal of excess materials, or of burrs from jagged, sharp edges, and also used prior to polishing or finishing with coated abrasives when usually the work pieces can be steel, cast iron, aluminum, etc., of which a die grinder is an example.Here we talk about the carbide burrs’ application in cylinder head porting and sculpturing.

Porting is another method in which application of the carbide burr is necessary. Cylinder head porting refers to the process of modifying the intake and exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine to improve the quality and quantity of the gas flow. Porting the heads provides the finely detailed attention required to bring the engine to the highest level of efficiency. Theoretically, polishing with abrasives affects the fuel flow and ultimately the porting process is responsible for the high power output of modern engines (Cylinder Head Porting June 2008).

Lastly, another common application and use of the tungsten carbide burr is utilized by sculpture. They provide vibration-free cutting and grinding. The shank is made of high tensile stainless steel. Diamond burrs are created by bonding diamond particles by means of electroplating with uniform size and exceptionally sharp-edged for fast cutting. Carbide burrs are precision fluted and can cut just about any material such as bronze, brass, aluminum, steels, wood, and all types of stone.

(----The end. This article is divided into 2 parts and here is part 2. For part 1 please refer to:http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/78877-ti-10048 )

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Tungsten carbide burrs are used for rapid removal of excess materials. Ironically, burrs are both referred to as the excess shavings of material and the actual carbide burr tools used to remove rough edges after the machining process. The removal of burrs from jagged, sharp edges is another common application for carbide burrs.  In addition, carbide burrs are a supplemental type of tool that is used prior to polishing or finishing with coated abrasives. Tungsten carbide burrs can be used on cast iron, steel and aluminum. Depending on the type of surfaces that are accessible, carbide burrs can be utilized because of the different shapes in which they are manufactured.  Typically, carbide burrs are made in inch diameter shapes such as round, cylindrical and oval. Carbide burrs are created with different cuts. Single or double cuts are used for steel and cast iron surfaces.  According to Monroe (1997, p. 28), a course single cut minimizes the tendency of the cutter to load up with aluminum.

A die grinder is a handheld tool which turns a burr at a high rate of speed. It is usually pneumatic (powered by compressed air), although electric die grinders are also common. The burr is held in a bit holding device and may be changed as required. The rotational speed of a pneumatic die grinder is adjusted by a hand-operated throttle which allows the operator to fluctuate the volume of compressed air entering the tool. Die grinders are used to drudge away small amounts of metal from piece of work. The name comes from their use in touching up hardened steel dies.

Most die grinder throttles feature a spring-loaded “kickstand” mechanism between the throttle lever and the body of the grinder, which prevents the throttle from opening (being pressed down towards the body of the grinder) without operator intervention. This prevents the die grinder from accidentally activating.

(----to be continued. This article is divided into 2 parts and here is part 1.For part 2 please refer to: http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/78879-ti-10049)

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Tungsten carbide burrs cutters are made from tungsten carbide which allows them to move at high speeds and yet still sustain their cutting edges. Carbide cutting surfaces are often useful when machining through materials such as carbon and stainless steel as well as in situations where other tools would wear away, such as high-quantity production runs. Usually, carbide will leave a better finish on the tool, and permit quicker machining. Carbide tools can also endure higher temperatures than standard high speed tools. The material is usually tungsten-carbide cobalt, also called “cemented carbide”, a metal matrix composite where tungsten carbide particles are the aggregate and metallic cobalt serves as the matrix.

The process of combining tungsten carbide with cobalt is referred to as sintering or Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). During this process cobalt eventually will be entering the liquid stage and WC grains (with higher melting point) remain in the solid stage. Machining with carbide can be difficult, as carbide is more brittle than other tool materials, making it susceptible to chipping and breaking. To offset this, many manufacturers sell carbide inserts and matching insert holders. With this setup, the small tungsten carbide insert is held in place by a larger tool made of a less brittle material (usually steel). This gives the benefit of using carbide without the high cost of making the entire tool out of carbide. Most modern face mills use carbide inserts, as well as some lathe tools and end mills.

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