With the highest densities weighting in at 1.7 times heavier than lead, tungsten is the best ideal material for military defense used in military. On the other hand, tungsten is non-toxic, so it is the related product for lead which was used in bullet and shot to reduce the environmental hazardous materials in the military field. As well owing to its great hardness and resistance to high temperature, tungsten alloy sphere has been applied in military defense increasingly today.

Tungsten alloy sphere can be also used as bullets or pellets in many military filed. These are the pellets from inside a shotgun shell. Lead shot and bullets have been banned in many areas because they poison the environment. The main substitute materials are steel, bismuth and tungsten. The main advantages of tungsten alloy ball which made as pellet are that it's very dense, and very hard. The density allows the pellets to fly long distances without slowing down, while the hardness allows the pellets to keep their shape while being accelerated by the powder charge, which increases the muzzle velocity.

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Pulsed arc supplies the current in pulsed form, and there are two other arc types, such as DC (Direct Current) arc and AC (Alternating Current). It is a phenomenon of gas discharge, which current generated instant spark through some insulating medium (like air). The extent of erosion of tungsten copper electrode surface is related to the power of energy of pulsed arc. For tungsten copper, the main form of electrode erosion is the evaporation of materials.

The effect of pulsed arc is positively correlated with single and total amount of pulsed charge transfer, and the extent of erosion is directly related to single charge transfer when the total amount of charge transfer is fixed. Some experiments shows that when single charge transfer is 1.48C and the total amount of charge transfer is 518C the erosion can not be seen except some Cu evaporating spots. However, the surface of tungsten copper electrode has scaly cracks.

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In Micro- EDM, the electrode will increase the energy of spark in unit area, which increase the wastage and decrease the precision of machining. If we change the parameters to reduce the discharge energy unit area, the processing will be longer and efficiency will decrease. Therefore, the choice of electrode materials is also important for Micro-EDM, the common electrode materials are tungsten (W), tungsten carbide (WC) and tungsten copper (W-Cu), etc. Drilling and milling in Micro-EDM often uses tungsten (W) or tungsten carbide (WC) rod or tube as the electrode of tools.

In conclusion, we should choose different materials of electrode according to different process parameters or different work-pieces. Therefore, learn some methods, materials, shape, customer requirements and cost performance before we choose electrode is significant to the quality of products. In addition, tungsten copper and other new materials will promote the development of EDM (Electrical discharge machining).

-The End-












 

More information about tungsten copper electrode and other materials comparison, click here:

http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79286-ti-10093 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79316-ti-10129 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79338-ti-10130 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79339-ti-10131 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79397-ti-10135 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79398-ti-10136 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79428-ti-10137 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79430-ti-10140

Tungsten Copper Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-copper.com/
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Tungsten alloy shot is used as the shot for shotgun hunting shells. The pellets spread upon leaving the barrel, and the power of the burning charge is divided among the pellets, which means that the energy of any one ball of shot is fairly low. In a hunting context, the product makes shotguns useful primarily for hunting birds and other small games.

Properties of Tungsten Alloy Shot:

High density, great hardness and resistance to high temperature make tungsten to be one of the most sought -after material for shotgun pellets in hunting history. Density of tungsten alloy shot is about 18g/cm3, which is comparable only to gold, platinum, or bismuth. To understand how the density factors of tungsten heavy alloy into performance, let us look at two spheres about the same size of tungsten alloy shot, a golf ball and a ping -pong ball. The golf ball is far denser and will fly farther and hit harder. Now shrink the ball size down to two single points, we can get clear comparison graphic. Tungsten alloy will fly farther, hit harder and penetrate deeper. Another unique property of tungsten alloy is that it is non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is safe for people to handle and work.

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In part 1 we know that Tungsten carbide reamer is a kind of rotary cutting tool for metalworking used to enlarge a hole previously drilled and there are many types including adjustable hand reamer, straight reamer, hand reamer, etc. And here we reveal the construction of tungsten carbide reamer.

Reamer construction

A typical tungsten carbide reamer consists of a set of parallel straight or helical cutting edges along the length of a cylindrical body. Each cutting edge is ground at a slight angle and with a slight undercut below the cutting edge. Reamers must combine both hardness in the cutting edges, for long life, and toughness, so that the tool does not fail under the normal forces of use. They should only be used to remove small amounts of material. This ensures a long life for the reamer and a superior finish to the hole.

The spiral may be clockwise or counter-clockwise depending on usage. For example, a tapered hand reamer with a clockwise spiral will tend to self feed as it is used, possibly leading to a wedging action and consequent breakage. A counter-clockwise spiral is therefore preferred even though the reamer is still turned in the clockwise direction.

For production machine tools, the shank type is usually one of the following: a standard taper (such as Morse or Brown & Sharpe), a straight round shank to be held by a collet, or a straight round shank with a flat for a set screw, to be held by a solid tool holder. For hand tools, the shank end is usually a square drive, intended for use with the same type of wrench used to turn a tap for the cutting of screw threads.

(To be continued. This article is divided into several parts and this is part 2, for part 1 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79455-ti-10165)

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Tungsten carbide reamer is a type of rotary cutting tool used in metal working. Precision tungsten carbide reamers are designed to enlarge the size of a previously formed hole by a small amount but with a high degree of accuracy to leave smooth sides. There are also non-precision carbide reamers which are used for more basic enlargement of holes or for removing burrs. The process of enlarging the hole is called reaming. There are many different types of reamer and they may be designed for use as a hand tool or in a machine tool, such as a milling machine or drill press.

In this Article we will first talk about the construction of tungsten carbide reamers and then explain the different function of tungsten carbide reamers and drills in making holes to their sizes. And moreover, we will list the types of reamers accompanied with their respective features and functions, and at last ends with the applications of reamers. These types of reamers include adjustable hand reamer, straight reamer, hand reamer, machine reamer, rose reamer, shell reamer, tapered reamer, morse tapered reamer, combination reamer, and tapered reamer (non-precision) and at last end

(To be continued. This article is divided into several parts and this is part 1, for part 2 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79457-ti-10166)

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Besides graphite, copper, and Cu-based alloy, Cu-based composite material, diamond is also a common kind of material of electrode. However, due to the cost of diamond is much higher than graphite and the size is limited, there are some scientists do researches about that.

4. Diamond

CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) diamond, which mixed by carbon-containing gas and oxygen was excitation-decomposition under the low standard atmospheric pressure, and come into active diamond carbon atoms. They deposit at the matrix and grow up to polycrystalline diamond (or monocrystalline diamond, mono like diamond).

In order to make it have the same properties of tungsten copper (such as conductivity, electrical resistance), researchers add boron (B) during CVD, which has excellent adsorption to oil medium in electrical discharge machining (EDM). CVD diamond has high MRR (Material Removal Rate) and low wastage of electrode, especially it can work in high current density under certain condition, which Cu, graphite and tungsten copper is unavailable.

In addition, there is another kind of PCD (polycrystalline diamond), which has similarities with CVD diamond and its cost is lower than CVD diamond so that it is a kind of ideal material for electrode.

More information about tungsten copper electrode and other materials comparison, click here:

http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79286-ti-10093 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79316-ti-10129 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79338-ti-10130 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79339-ti-10131 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79397-ti-10135 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79398-ti-10136 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79428-ti-10137

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Besides graphite, copper, and Cu-based alloy, Cu-based composite material is also a kind of common materials of electrode.

3. Cu-based Composite Material

Cu-based composite electrode has good conductivity and thermo-plasticity and use air and water as medium, which usually for EDM or polishing. It is composed of 60%-65% solid carbon material (such as graphite powder, graphite slices or carbon nano-tubes and other mixture) distributes thermoplastic matrix and soften over and over again for molding. Compared with graphite and tungsten copper electrode, it has many advantages, like low cost, available for complicated shape and better efficiency, etc.

However, due to its density is much lower than tungsten copper, the electrical resistivity is higher and the wastage of electrode is increasing. This composite material is under development, which requires that low electrical resistivity, low coefficient of expansion, thermal cycling resistance, excellent conductivity and good dimensional stability in liquid.












 

More information about tungsten copper electrode and other materials comparison, click here:

http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79286-ti-10093 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79316-ti-10129 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79338-ti-10130 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79339-ti-10131 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79397-ti-10135 
http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79398-ti-10136

Tungsten Copper Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-copper.com/
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Tungsten alloy can be used for bullets or pellets in various military applications such as pellets used inside a shotgun shell. Lead shot and bullets have been banned in many areas bullet head tungsten alloy military fittings.

Because of the environmental concerns. The main substitute materials are steel, bismuth and tungsten. The main advantages of tungsten military sphere that is used as pellet is that it is very dense, and very hard. The density allows the pellets to travel longer distances without loosing energy, while the hardness allows the pellets to keep their shape while being accelerated by the powder charge, which increases the muzzle velocity.

Tungsten alloy spheres are also used in hand grenade, armor piercing projectile, prefabricated fragments. Tungsten military sphere is small in volume and very dense. Allowing them to penetrate armor and damage targets. Tungsten alloy has been used in missile weapons, armor piercing ammunition, tungsten alloy bullet, shrapnel head, core for armor-piercing bullet measurement, kinetic energy penetrators, armor and shells.

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In part 8 we know that the life of tungsten carbide cutters is determined by many factors of which one is the tungsten carbide grade which means different carbide composition and physical properties and when we meet with different failure modes different grades might be considered to be used. In this part we go on talking about which tungsten carbide grade shall we choose when we meet with a concrete failure mode. Here is another table for clearer explanation.

 (The end. This article is divided into 9 parts and this is part 9, for part 8 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79412-ti-10158)

Tungsten Carbide Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn
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