Liquid sintering is a kind of processing that it includes two component of powder at least or sinter in liquid. And it can be specifically divided into two types, one is keeping the liquid state during the whole process, another is liquid disappears in later stage, which tungsten copper electrode belongs to. Activated sintering can be divided into physical activated sintering and chemical activated sintering.

Physical activated sintering improves the sintering process through adjusting sintering temperature, exerting mechanical vibration, ultrasonic and the circle of external stress. Chemical activated sintering includes that pre-oxidation sintering, change the component in sintering atmosphere, add some trace elements and use superfine powder or high-energy ball milling for sintering. This paper mainly introduces that add some trace elements to improve tungsten copper electrode liquid sintering.

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Tungsten Copper Electrode and Other Material Comparison Table

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In part 11 we read that the accuracy and consistency of hole sizes made by a tungsten carbide reamer is affected by many variables in reaming process, such as reamer design and materials involved, and coolant fluid is recommended since it helps repeatedly maintain the hole size to be as close as possible to reamer diameter.And here we learn about the longevity of a tungsten carbide reamer and the equipments used for it .

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In part 10 we know that the tungsten carbide reamer called tapered reamer non precision is used for enlarging a hole or riding of burs on softer metals non-precisely with a cross handle and tapered to tip body and it is commonly applied to MRO work. Here below with several parts we with explain how the process variables affect the reaming effect.

To achieve highly accurate and consistent diameters with a tungsten carbide reamer, one must consider process variables that can influence the overall quality of the hole being reamed. Variables such as reamer material, reamer design, material being reamed, temperature at the reamed surface, reamer speed, machine or operator movement, etc. must be addressed. By controlling these variables to the best extent possible, the reaming process can easily produce highly accurate and consistently sized holes. Reamers should not be reversed in use as this will tend to dull the cutting edges.

Size – accuracy and repeatability

The final hole size that is achieved by a tungsten carbide reamer subsequently depends on the reaming process being used in conjunction with the reamer design and materials involved. Studies have been conducted which demonstrate the effect of coolant use during reaming. The continuous use of a coolant stream during the reaming process has been shown to consistently (75% of the time) result in hole sizes that are 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm) larger than the reamer itself, with a process spread of +/- 0.0002 in. the remainder of the time. Similarly, using a semi-wet reaming process often results in hole sizes that are 0.0004 in. larger than the reamer itself, approximately 60% of the time, with a process spread of 0.0006 in. favoring an increase in size. Dry reaming should be discouraged due to its low level of repeatability (20%) in size and wide process spread of sizes up to 0.0012 in. (0.030 mm) larger than the reamer size.

(To be continued. This article is divided into several parts and this is part 11, for part 10 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79659-ti-10186;for part 12 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79704-ti-10192)

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In part 9 we read that a tungsten carbide combination reamer, in a pattern resembling the work piece’s multiple internal diameters, is economically used for long run, tight tolerance electronic parts, and mostly used in screw machines or second-operation lathes instead of CNC machines.And here we learn about another common tungsten carbide reamer: tapered reamer  non-precision.

Tapered reamer non-precision

A tapered reamer may be used for cleaning burrs from a drilled hole, or to enlarge a hole. The body of the tool tapers to a point. This type of reamer consists of a body which, typically, is up to 1/2 inch in diameter, with a rod cross piece at the large end acting to form a handle. It is especially useful for working softer metals such as aluminum, copper, and mild steel. Another name for it is "maintenance reamer", referring to its use in the miscellaneous deburring and enlarging tasks often found in MRO work. A similar tool can be seen on select Swiss Army Knives such as the electrician model, to be used on conduit.

(To be continued. This article is divided into several parts and this is part 10 for part 9, please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79658-ti-10185)

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In part 8 we know that a shell reamer is designed for reaming bearing or the similar with full length flutes, while a morse taper reamer is applied to finish morse taper sleeves which includes finishing reamers and roughing reamers. Here we explain combination reamer as another kind of tungsten carbide reamer.

A tungsten carbide combination reamer has two or more cutting surfaces. The combination reamer is precision ground into a pattern that resembles the part’s multiple internal diameters. The advantage of using a combination reamer is to reduce the number of turret operations, while more precisely holding depths, internal diameters and concentricity. Combination reamers are mostly used in screw machines or second-operation lathes, not with Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines because G-code can be easily generated to profile internal diameters.

Combination reamers can be made out of cobalt, tungsten carbide, or high speed steel tooling. When using combination reamers to ream large internal diameters made out of material with lower surface feet per minute, carbide tips can be brazed onto a configured drill blank to build the reamer. Tungsten carbide reamer requires additional care because it is very brittle and will chip if chatter occurs. It is common to use a drill bit or combination drill to remove the bulk of material to reduce wear, or the risk of the part pulling off on the combination reamer.

 (To be continued. This article is divided into several parts and this is part 9, for part 8 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79632-ti-10180;for part 10 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79659-ti-10186)

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Due to the increasing requirement of mould and intractable materials, tungsten copper has been widely used in electrode. Tungsten copper has many advantages, such as higher precision, lower wastage, high MRR (Material Removal Rate) as well as it can be finishing and roughing at one time. At the present, tungsten copper electrode plays an important role electrical discharge machining (EDM). According to incomplete statistics, Japan has 19.6 tons in tungsten copper electrode consumption in 1994 year, which accounts for a quarter of the aggregate consumption of tungsten copper (74.5 tons).

Except good conductivity, high MRR and easily to be machining, tungsten copper electrode is supposed to have:

1. Good arc ablation resistance.

2. Uniformity and Density.

3. Diverse shape and should be suited to small demands.

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W and Cu Physical Properties

Tungsten Copper Electrode Properties (G38320-87)

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Tungsten, in Military applications, is used in bullets, as a hardening agent to produce armor penetrating rounds. It is also used for fragmentation to create a devastating effect as its hardness remains intact as it shreds through targets. Tungsten is also used in cube and ball form in anti-personnel ordnance, ranging from grenades, to mines and rockets, these added tungsten cubes and balls are highly destructive due to their retention of their hard, solid shapes as they impact. Tungsten alloys are also used in defensive plating, due to their hardness and strength. Tungsten carbide and other alloys are also used to make penetrators for weaponry, to enhance their effectiveness.

Another widely used application of tungsten in defense is the various weighting applications used in helicopters and other aircraft and armored vehicles. Helicopters often use this material to weight their rotors, noses, and skids. This metal is widely used in these applications because of its hardness and size to weight ratio it is a perfect material for weighting and protection.

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 (To be continued. This article is divided into several parts and this is part 7, for part 6 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79554-ti-10174;for part 8 please refer to http://news.chinatungsten.com/en/tungsten-information/79632-ti-10180 )

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