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  1. Home
  2. Tungsten Information

TiC Effect on Tungsten Carbide Button Properties (1/2)

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 07 April 2016

TiC has higher melting point, boiling point, hardness and excellent chemical stability so that it can be widely used in tungsten carbide materials. In order to analyze the effect of TiC on tungsten carbide button, we study from the hardness, the density, the bending strength, fracture toughness and other mechanical properties. The experiment shows that with the increase of the addition amount of TiC, relative density of tungsten carbide button is rising. This is due to tungsten carbide button without TiC has some internal pores or defects by the raw material and the problems in the overall process, its relative density is lower; on one hand, TiC added refine the micro-structure of tungsten carbide button, on the other hand, ne-grained TiC particles uniformly distributed in the gap between the WC particles were packed efficiently so that the distribution of the alloy grain structure more uniform and reasonable, and thus increased densification of tungsten carbide buttons.

Viewed from the hardness, TiC has better hardness than WC, so with fine grains having a dispersion strengthening effect of TiC added, the hardness of the material also increased. However, when TiC is increased to a certain amount, the hardness of the tooth carbide ball longer because TiC added increasing amounts of rises, inside the material has been basically compact at this time. For the bending strength, with the increase of TiC addition amount of the bending strength of tooth carbide ball was dropped after the first rise and then fall. This is due to the TiC added after sintering temperature is lower than the carbonization temperature, dissolved in WC TiC slow imbalance occurs alloy, WC in solid solution reduced the amount of binder phase of Co carbide wettability deteriorated.

tungsten carbide buttons

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Proper Preservation Methods of Tungsten Gold Plated Coin

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 07 April 2016
Tungsten gold plated coin, is a kind of commemorative coin that manufactured with tungsten alloy as raw material, and therefore it is often referred to as tungsten gold coin, or tungsten gold commemorative coin. It has high appreciation value and collection value, and because of the unique high-density corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, non-toxic and environmentally friendly characteristics of tungsten alloy, tungsten gold plated coin has the longer-term preservation of gold coins. The worth of tungsten gold plated coin is less than gold, but both feel almost similar, and equally beautiful. In order to plate gold in the surface of tungsten gold plated coin for obtaining the same exquisite appearance as gold coin, it can also be plated with silver, platinum, rose gold and so on, which can have different and unique beauty. It is because of all these advantages, tungsten gold plated coin can be engraved with all kinds of different patterns to convey different meanings and feelings by people. Although tungsten gold plated coin has good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, but in normal life, we also need to pay attention to its preservation methods to extend the life of its collection, and long maintain its aesthetics. The proper preservation methods of tungsten gold plated coin can be summarized as follows:
 
1. Avoid contact with chemicals. Shower gel, shampoo and women used cosmetics in ordinary life contain many chemicals, so we should avoid storing tungsten gold plated coin with them so as to prevent tungsten gold plated coin’s gold plating layer reacts with chemicals, thereby destroy its appearance.
 
2. Avoid direct play with hands. Although tungsten gold-plated coin has high wear and corrosion resistant, but since the surface layer is gold-plated, so in order to avoid the problems caused by sweat, we should wear gloves or other items can isolate our hands and tungsten gold plated coin.
 
3. You can buy dedicated circular transparent box of commemorative coin, it will not affect the watch play; and can also play a protective role.
 
4. If you do not watch and play tungsten gold plated coin in a long-term, it should be kept under seal. Should you are in areas where is too wet, you can put some desiccant to reduce humidity before sealing. But note that the desiccant should not be in directly contact with tungsten gold plated coin.
 
5. The tungsten gold plated coins should be stored separately, to avoid the damage of the gold layers caused by friction between them.
tungsten gold plated coin
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BSTN Composite Ceramics with Perovskite and Tungsten Bronze Phases

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 06 April 2016
Special compositions of Ba0.7Sr0.3·(1-y)TiO3·yNb2O5 were designed for preparing the BSTN system by the traditional ceramic method. The composite ceramics in which the two phases of the perovskite (BST) and the tungsten bronze (SBN) coexist were successfully prepared by this composition controlled in the excessiveness of some components. XRD and LCR were used to measure the structure and dielectric constants of the composite ceramics. It is found that, in the perovskite (BST) structured system of BSTN ceramics, the second phase SBN starts to appear when the excessive content of Nb2O5 is up to about 6mol%. Similarly, in the tungsten bronze (SBN) structured system, the second phase of BST can also begin to form while the excessive content of (BaO+SrO) is up to about 11mol%. 
 
However, both the perovskite and the tungsten bronze phases formed in a system exhibit the different minorities of Nb2O5 and TiO2 solved respectively with changing the excessiveness. Especially in the case of the two phases being equivalent to each other in BSTN composite ceramics, Nb2O5 is hardly to be solved into the perovskite phase due to shortage of Nb2O5 and excessiveness of TiO2 in composition. However, a few of TiO2 is easily to be solved in the tungsten bronze phase due to excessiveness of TiO2.There is a dual characteristic shown by the perovskite phase and the tungsten bronze phase in temperature dependence curve of dielectric constant in the BSTN. The Curie temperature of the tungsten bronze phase decreases with the increase in solubility of TiO2 in the phase structure. Conversely, the Curie temperature increases with increasing perovskite phase due to the primary effect of the tungsten bronze phase being restricted by a lot of perovskite. The lowest transition temperature between ferroelectric and paraelectric phases in the BSTN is at about 200℃ and it is 90℃ lower than that of the SBN without TiO2 solved in the present work.

tungsten bronze
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Tungsten Alloy Radiation Shielding For GPS

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 06 April 2016

tungsten alloy radiation shielding for GPS Tungsten alloy radiation shielding for GPS is used for shielding the electromagnetic radiation generated in the using of GPS. The Global Positioning System, referred to as GPS, is a space-based navigation system that provides location and time information in all kinds of weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The system consists of three major segments, which are the space segment, a control segment and a user segment. The space segment is made up of 24 satellites. The control segment is composed of a master control station, a ground antennas and monitor stations. The user segment is GPS signal receiver.GPS has the characteristics of high precision, all weather, short observation time and easy operation.

Global Positioning System is a satellite navigation system designed to provide instantaneous three-dimensional position information almost anywhere on the globe at any time, and in any weather. With the continuous improvement of GPS, it has been widely used in all fields, and gradually deep into people's daily life. Such as it can be used in the patrol vehicle management to monitor the location information of vehicles for the inspection of the tasks accomplished, and to automatically complete the vehicles dispatch by analyzing the distance  from all vehicles to event point and the current state of vehicles. In the car navigation and traffic management, GPS can be used for navigation by aircraft, ships, vehicles and pedestrians; in a navigator, the GPS can achieve the function of map query, route planning, self-navigation and other. GPS systems can also be used in military, fire fighting, logistics and other fields.

GPS is mainly to receive satellite signals through electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic radiation has radiation characteristic that can cause harm to the body's central nervous system, immune function, cardiovascular system, reproductive system, vision system. Therefore, it should be accompanied by the use of certain radiation protection measures (such as using tungsten alloy radiation shielding for GPS) to protect the human body when using GPS. Tungsten alloy radiation shielding for GPS has good radiation shielding ability, and can shield electromagnetic radiation to avoid human suffering from radiation damage in the long-term electromagnetic radiation environment.

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Tungsten Alloy Radiation Shielding For DSA System

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 06 April 2016

Tungsten alloy radiation shielding for DSA system is a tungsten alloy shielding used for digital subtraction angiography system. DSA system, also known as digital subtraction angiography system, is a new x-ray imaging system to clearly visualize blood vessels in a bony or dense soft tissue environment by computer. Images are produced using contrast medium by subtracting a ‘pre-contrast image’ or the mask from later images, once the contrast medium has been introduced into a structure. Compared to the conventional angiography system, images obtained by digital subtraction angiography system are more clearly and intuitively, even some fine vascular structures can be displayed.

tungsten alloy radiation shielding for DSA systemDigital subtraction angiography system is suitable for the examination of heart and great vessels. It clearly shows the structural abnormality of heart anatomy, coronary, aortic coarctation, aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm, developmental anomaly of aorta, etc; and also clearly shows the cervical segment and intracranial arteries for diagnosing intracranial aneurysms, cervical artery stenosis or occlusion, vascular anomaly, arterial occlusion and for observation of intracranial tumor‘s feeding artery. In addition, digital subtraction angiography system can be used to check large blood vessels, abdominal aorta and its branches. At the same time, digital subtraction angiography system can also be used for the interventional treatment in all parts of the body lesions, such as interventional embolotherapy in treatment of liver cancer, cerebral aneurysms, cerebral arteriovenous malformation,and percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty, percutaneous puncture biopsy.

Since digital subtraction angiography system is an X-ray angiography system basing upon image subtracting. And X rays can inhibit, destroy or even kill biologic cells, causing different degrees of changes in physiological, pathological and biochemical aspects of organism. Therefore, it is need to use a tungsten alloy radiation shielding to shield and absorb X rays when using the digital subtraction angiography system. Tungsten alloy radiation shielding for DSA system has excellent radiation shielding performance to shield radiation and avoid it damaging human body.

Tungsten Alloy Supplier: Chinatungsten Online www.tungsten-alloy.com  Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797;Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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Tungsten Alloy Shielding For Radioactive Tracer Technique

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 06 April 2016

tungsten alloy shielding for radioactive tracer techniqueTungsten alloy shielding can be used to shield the radiation released from the radioactive tracer technique. Radioactive tracer technique is used to track the passage of a sample of substance through a system. The substance is "labeled" by including radioisotopes in its chemical composition. When these decay, their presence can be determined by detecting the radiation emitted by them. Then the movement condition and change rule of the substance can be distinguished. Radioactive tracer technique has the characteristics of high sensitivity, high quantitative accuracy, simple method, accurate localization and conforming to the physiological conditions, etc.

Radioactive tracer technique has been widely used in industrial production, agriculture and animal husbandry, health care, life sciences, and other fields. In agriculture and animal husbandry, it can be used to study the fertilizer absorption rule of crops and discovery the life cycles, migratory habit, mating behavior and foraging behavior of insects, parasites, fishes and animals; in medicine, it is mainly used for the diagnosis of the disease; in industrial production, it provides the possibility of using a variety of high-efficiency testing methods and automatic control methods for the production process, solving many technical and theoretical issues, such as determining the diffusion rates of certain elements within the metal sheet; in the life sciences, it can dynamically observe the physiological and biochemical processes within the cell or in vivo at molecular level, understanding the material basis of life activities. Check the chemical reaction process of research of environmental pollution radioisotope tracer technique can also be used. Radioactive tracer technique can be also used for the detection of environmental pollution and research of a chemical reaction process.

Radioactive tracer technique has found an increasingly wide utilization in our life. But due to the rays released form it will cause harm to human body, the use of tungsten alloy radiation shielding in the radioactive tracer technique is necessary. Generally, tungsten alloy shielding is made up of tungsten heavy alloy which has high density and great shielding effectiveness. Thus tungsten alloy shielding can shield the radiation to protect the staff from radiation damage.

Tungsten Alloy Supplier: Chinatungsten Online www.tungsten-alloy.com  Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797;Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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MnOx/WO3/TiO2 Denitration Catalyst

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 06 April 2016
SCR denitration catalystThe better reacting temperature of tungsten trioxide SCR denitration catalyst is about 300~400℃, however, it is no way to achieve this range in the general factory; therefore, the flue gas should be heated by the GGH or burners in the denitration process, thus cause the energy consumption and operating costs increased. So, it is imperative to reducing the suitable temperature of denitration catalyst and improving its property. Studies have pointed out that MnOx/WO3/TiO2 denitration catalyst can carry out NOx removing in a lower temperature by adjusting the content of tungsten trioxide and reaction environment, which is a good low-temperature denitration technology.
 
The steps of one-step-impregnation method to prepare MnOx/WO3/TiO2 denitration catalyst are like bellows:
1. Prepare titanium dioxide for further using;
2. Dissolve an amount of ammonium tungstate solution into the oxalic acid, then add a certain amount of manganese acetate, and add the carrier--titania under stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
3. Stir the mixed solution uniformly obtained in step 2 at 35℃ for 2 hours, and then immersed with stirring by heating to 85℃ for 4 hours, then dried at 110℃ for 12 hours;
4. Transfer the powder into a muffle furnace after ground to calcine at 450℃ for 3 hours, to generate the needed MnOx/WO3/TiO2 denitration catalyst.
 
Experimental results show that the temperature window of this catalyst reaches 80~240℃, thus to greatly reduce the reaction temperature; at the same time, appropriate tungsten trioxide added can significantly improve the catalytic activity, but too much or too little can cause activity decreases, and the excess tungsten trioxide will even reduce the low-temperature activity, but instead increase the activity of MnOx supported catalyst; in addition, the presence of oxygen will promote the oxidation of NO, and protect of the catalyst surface oxidation activity center at low temperatures, thus to facilitate ammonia absorption and activation.
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WO3 SCR Denitration Catalyst Facing Technical Difficulty--Low Temperature Denitration

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 06 April 2016
low temperature catalystTungsten trioxide SCR denitration catalyst will take more than 1/3 of the whole cost in the SCR denitration system. Currently, the technology has been widely used in the thermal power industry, 95% of the production line using SCR denitration technology in China, while there are successfully applications in the glass furnace and other industrial furnaces.
 
Tungsten trioxide SCR denitration catalyst can still have a good denitration effect, even at high nitrogen oxide emissions in power industry, so to achieve the emissions requirements. Ideally, the denitration rate SCR technology can enable the state of more than 90%, besides, the ammonia injected will almost completely react with nitrogen oxide makes it the best treatment technology for stationary sources denitration currently.
 
However, the fact is, SCR denitration, as the highly efficient technology is rarely applied in the cement industry. Why is this? Research indicates the unfavorable factors such as complex environmental conditions and higher investment at one-time limit the application. Its cost limitations performance as these, equipment increased means taking more space, large investment and higher operating costs.
 
The honeycomb tungsten trioxide SCR denitration catalyst is the most commonly used, which is taking the porous titanium dioxide as carrier, vanadium pentoxide and tungsten trioxide as the main active ingredients, with the optimum reaction temperature about 300℃~400 ℃. In the new industrial production, the temperature of exhaust emissions have been dropped to below 300℃; while, for implementing the national policy of saving energy and decreasing consuming, production lines more than 2500t/d are installing waste heat boiler, thus the exhaust gas temperature is about 150 ℃, all these above have presented new challenges to denitration catalyst. Thus, low-temperature denitration has become technical difficulty of tungsten trioxide SCR denitration catalyst.
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Recover Vanadium from WO3 SCR Denitration Catalyst

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 06 April 2016
Vanadium, symbol V, a silvery white metal, has a very high melting point, which makes it a refractory metal together with niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum. As an active component, vanadium pentoxide is used in tungsten trioxide SCR denitration catalyst, and tungsten trioxide is exhibiting the role of anti-sulfide, anti-toxic. The toxicity of metal vanadium is very low, but its compounds (vanadium salts) are toxic to humans and animals, especially vanadium pentoxide has a very high toxic and can cause respiratory and nervous system, gastrointestinal, skin changed. So, in order to prevent environmental pollution, human poisoned, and also resource get recycled, the recovery of vanadium from waste SCR denitration catalyst is extremely necessary.

various valence states of vanadium
 
Studies have demonstrated a new method for recycling vanadium from tungsten trioxide SCR denitration catalyst, follow these steps:
1. Crushed the waste W-Ti-V based to 200-300 mesh;
2. Take electrolytic cell, and added an amount of anti-reducing strong electrolyte solution; then put the crushed catalyst into the cell, carry out constant current density electrolysis by controlling the current density, or constant pressure electrolysis by controlling the voltage;
3. Carrying out filtration to separate the solid and liquid, to obtain a mixed solution containing with vanadium;
4. Take out a new cell and take out the secondary electrolysis at the same condition;
5.Add alkaline solution into the mixture in the cathode, then add ammonium salt solution and stay overnight for precipitating vanadium, calcining the white solid obtained by filtration to get the yellow solid containing vanadium, thus to achieve the purpose of recycling vanadium.
 
This process of vanadium recovery can be operated at room temperature with a mild reaction condition, the electrolysis reaction has good chemical reaction selectivity, and vanadium can be almost completely recovered.
Tungsten Oxide Supplier: Chinatungsten Online www.tungsten-oxide.com  Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797;Email:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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Tungsten Copper Sintering Technologies Comparison (2/2)

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 06 April 2016

In order to improve mixed-pressing, relevant scholars uses activated agent (Ni, Pd and other activated elements) to increase the solubility of W in liquid phase, which is beneficial for the sintering process. However the additives have a bad influence on the electrical and thermal conductivity of tungsten copper products. Pressure sintering is a kind of secondary processing after sintering, especially for the conditions that one-step forming can not meet the requirements. Although hot pressing, repressing and re-sintering and HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) can remarkably improve the properties of tungsten copper composite material, they are limited by the costs and the efficiency. In addition, using hammering or cold rolling of tungsten-copper composite material for secondary processing can greatly increase the density and mechanical properties of the material. But when the content of W is higher, the ductility of tungsten copper will decrease and the difficulty of machining will increase.

Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), which is also known as Plasma Activated Sintering (PAS) or Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST). According to different powder media, SPS can be divided into conductive and non-conductive, there is a big difference in mechanism between them. Generally, conductive SPS will produce a large amount of Joule heat generated by DC pulse current graphite mold; and the current through the powder will induce electric discharge between powder particles and arouse plasma. With the increasing density of plasma, High-speed reverse movement of the particle surface of the particles have a greater impact, so that the gas adsorption of escape or break an oxide film, so that the surface to be purified and activated, will be conducive to sintering. However, instantaneous high temperature generated by the discharge causes evaporation and melting of the grain surface, the grain at the point of contact to form sintered neck.

tungsten copper SPS sintering technology

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