Multi-coated tungsten carbide cutting tools coating composition variety of ways to meet the processing conditions vary, the processing should be processed according to the material properties and processing characteristics of the design coating composition, coating thickness. Commonly used multi-coated tungsten carbide cutting tools can be divided into four series: TiC / TiN, TiC / TiCN / TiN, TiC / Al2O3 and TiC / Al2O3 / TiN. The first two categories apply to ordinary semi-fine and fine plus workers, the latter two for high-speed and heavy-duty cutting.

Multi-coated tungsten carbide cutting tools combines the advantages of a single coating. For example, TiC-Al2O3 -TiN three blade coating on a substrate coated TiC coating ensures firm adhesion of the coating and the substrate, and a blade in the middle and a high resistance to mechanical wear properties at low speed cutting conditions; Al2O3 coatings applied thereon, be obtained at high temperatures have good chemical stability and insulation properties, so that the blade substrate temperature is too high and will not be plastically deformed, and therefore have high durability in high-speed cutting; On Al2O3 coating and then coated with TiN, the tool will enable the friction coefficient is small, smooth chip discharge, can reduce the cutting temperature and prevent sticking knife phenomenon, reduce tool crater wear, but also to reduce BUE generation. In actual production should be used reasonably and processing characteristics of the coating according to the nature of the material being processed.




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A tungsten, molybdenum is extracted from the high molybdenum scheelite.

Process: the high molybdenum scheelite sulfuric acid - mixing phosphoric acid leaching; leachate was isolated using a cooling crystallization method after phosphotungstic acid crystals dissolve in acid solution, the secondary cooling crystallization, and then dissolved ammonia - ammonium magnesium law except phosphorus - in addition to molybdenum selective precipitation - evaporation and crystallization treatment can have 0 APT line with national standards; a cooling crystallization mother liquor by extraction of molybdenum mention - ammonium stripping - impurity - after the transfer process can be obtained acid molybdate ; the rich more than the acid raffinate and the secondary cooling crystallization mother returned directly leaching, to achieve the cycle acids.

The present invention enables efficient tungsten and molybdenum, atmospheric extraction, tungsten, molybdenum leaching rate of more than 98.5%; freeze crystallization and extraction process can effectively achieve complete separation of tungsten, molybdenum, reducing the processing burden on the follow-up process; leaching process is simple acid consumption less, and to achieve most of the acid leaching cycle, which greatly reduces the cost of production and waste discharge.


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The above is reproduced from: Application Technology Network, if in doubt, please contact the content belongs website.

Insiders know that the quality of the parts is closely related to the quality of the mold. Many die (such as die casting) of the surface must be plated in order to improve the corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, oxidation resistance and hardness properties. According to the HC surface network Xiaobian understand, despite the traditional chrome technology mature technology, stable quality, but because chromium is a toxic substance, serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the elimination of pollution, environmental protection, clean production, the path of sustainable development.

Nickel-tungsten alloy plating is to improve the quality of mold, to extend die life, a good choice for clean production. Nickel, tungsten high hardness, wear resistance, and molten matrix adhesion and high temperature. Fine crystalline nickel-tungsten alloy plating bright, good wear resistance, combined with the strong base, high hardness, Vickers hardness at elevated temperatures up to 1000 or more. The technology in recent years by the parties concerned, will gradually replace the mold chrome plating, however, according to HC Xiao Bian understood that the technology prevailing coating roughness, uneven, pitting and other defects, severely restricts their application development. Let Xiaobian for you to resolve mold electroless nickel-tungsten alloy process recipe and process.
    
Bath formulation and process
    
Bath mainly composed of sodium tungstate, nickel sulfate and sodium citrate, whose contents were 40 ~ 45gL, 20 ~ 30gL, 40 ~ 50gL.
    
Process:
    
Sandblasting → Check → Degreasing Cleaning → Plating → Test
    
Coating quality defects and causes
    
Common tungsten nickel plating quality defect is pitting more rough side and white spherical particle coating, coating and central side corners and R at serious inequality, and even the corners, R occurring at the micro cracks.




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Insiders know that the quality of the parts is closely related to the quality of the mold. Many die (such as die casting) of the surface must be plated in order to improve the corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, oxidation resistance and hardness properties. According to the HC surface network Xiaobian understand, despite the traditional chrome technology mature technology, stable quality, but because chromium is a toxic substance, serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the elimination of pollution, environmental protection, clean production, the path of sustainable development.

Nickel-tungsten alloy plating is to improve the quality of mold, to extend die life, a good choice for clean production. Nickel, tungsten high hardness, wear resistance, and molten matrix adhesion and high temperature. Fine crystalline nickel-tungsten alloy plating bright, good wear resistance, combined with the strong base, high hardness, Vickers hardness at elevated temperatures up to 1000 or more. The technology in recent years by the parties concerned, will gradually replace the mold chrome plating, however, according to HC Xiao Bian understood that the technology prevailing coating roughness, uneven, pitting and other defects, severely restricts their application development. Let Xiaobian for you to resolve mold electroless nickel-tungsten alloy process recipe and process.
    
Bath formulation and process
    
Bath mainly composed of sodium tungstate, nickel sulfate and sodium citrate, whose contents were 40 ~ 45gL, 20 ~ 30gL, 40 ~ 50gL.
    
Process:
    
Sandblasting → Check → Degreasing Cleaning → Plating → Test
    
Coating quality defects and causes
    
Common tungsten nickel plating quality defect is pitting more rough side and white spherical particle coating, coating and central side corners and R at serious inequality, and even the corners, R occurring at the micro cracks.




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Cutting wood in industrial production the most basic, the most extensive and important process, a direct impact on productivity, processing costs and energy consumption. The quality of the tools can carry out normal cutting, cutting quality woodworking tools and materials are related to the cutting section. Requirements of woodworking tools in high-speed, and withstand shock loads under cutting conditions can be maintained long sharp cutting tools performance. To this end, woodworking tools must have the necessary material hardness and wear resistance, sufficient strength and toughness, a certain process (eg, welding, heat treatment, machining and grinding, etc.).

tungsten carbide woodcutting tools is extremely hard, refractory metal tungsten carbides (WC, TiC) with Co, Ni, and so do the binder sintered powder metallurgy products. Its properties are dependent on the type of metal tungsten carbide, performance, the number, size and amount of the binder. Tungsten carbide woodcutting tools hardness of HRC74 ~ 81.5, its hardness with increasing binder content decreases. Tungsten carbide woodcutting tools content over high-speed high-temperature tungsten carbide steel, so good thermoplastic, cutting temperature resistant up to 800 ~ 1000 ℃ in. 600 ℃ ambient temperature exceeds high-speed steel hardness, hardness than steel at room temperature at 1000 ℃. Tungsten carbide woodcutting tools mainly made of YG class tungsten carbide which metal cobalt (Co) do binder, tungsten tungsten carbide (WC) for hard phase.




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Tungsten carbide cutting tools is an important tools indispensable, whether ordinary machine tools, or advanced CNC machine tools (NC), machining centers (MC) and flexible manufacturing systems (FMC), the tools must rely on to finish machining. Development of tungsten carbide cutting tools have a direct impact on improving productivity and processing quality. Materials, structure and geometry of the cutting tools is to determine the three elements, including the performance of tungsten carbide cutting tools materials plays a key role.tungsten carbide cutting tools materials mainly tungsten carbide, the grade is usually divided into three categories:

1. YG class (WC-Co type): This class tungsten carbide tools manufacturer has good toughness, wear resistance, thermal conductivity, etc., mainly for machining cast iron, non-ferrous metals and non-metallic.
2. YT class (WC-TiC-Co type): Added to TiC material, so that the material of increased hardness and wear resistance, but reduced bending stiffness. Kind of cemented tungsten carbide has high hardness and high heat resistance, adhesion, good oxidation resistance, suitable for machining steel, cutting tools wear small, high durability.
3. YW class (WC-TiC-Ta-Co Class): Add TaC materials in order to improve the strength of the tools, toughness and red hardness. Such tungsten carbide material has a high temperature hardness, high temperature strength and strong antioxidant capacity, particularly suitable for processing a variety of high-alloy steel, heat-resistant alloys and various alloy cast iron.




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The processing of a homogenous cobalt tungstate salt synthesised by co-precipitation starting from ammonium paratungstate and cobalt hydroxide.Different processing parameters such as temperatures and times of reduction and carburization and the composition of the carburization gas were studied. Powders of W and Co were obtained after the reduction of the precursor at 600 °C, 650 °C and 700 °C. The specific surface area of W-Co powders increased with decreasing reduction temperature. The carburization was carried out at 700 °C for 3 hours in different CO/CO₂ — mixtures. The extent of the reaction was found to depend on the CO/CO₂ — ratio. A nanophase WC-Co powder agglomerated at the micrometer scale was obtained after carburization in a 90%CO/10%CO₂ gas-mixture.

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High purity W and W–0.9La₂O₃ (wt.%) nanopowders were produced by a wet chemical route. The precursor was prepared by the reaction of ammonium paratungstate (APT) with lanthanum salt in aqueous solutions. High resolution electron microscopy investigations revealed that the tungstate particles were coated with oxide precipitates. The precursor powder was reduced to tungsten metal with dispersed lanthanum oxide. Powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1300 and 1400 °C to suppress grain growth during sintering. The final grain size relates to the SPS conditions, i.e. temperature and heating rate, regardless of the starting powder particle size. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that oxide phases were mainly accumulated at grain boundaries while the tungsten matrix constituted of nanosized sub-grains. The transmission electron microscopy revealed that the tungsten grains consist of micron-scale grains and finer sub-grains. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of W in dispersed oxide phases with varying chemical composition, which evidenced the presence of complex oxide phases (W–O–La) in the sintered metals.

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Nano-crystalline W-1%Y₂O₃(wt.%) powder was produced by a modified solution chemical reaction of ammonium paratungstate (APT) and yttrium nitrate. The precursor powder was found to consist of particles of bimodal morphology i.e. large APT-like particles up to 20μm and rectangular yttrium containing ultrafine plates. After thermal processing tungsten crystals were evolved from W–O–Y plate like particles. spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to consolidate the powder at 1100 and 1200°C for different holding times in order to optimize the sintering conditions to yield high density but with reduced grain growth. Dispersion of yttrium oxide enhanced the sinterability of W powder with respect to lanthanum oxide. W–1%Y₂O₃ composites with sub-micron grain size showed improved density and mechanical properties as compared to W–La₂O₃ composites. Sample sintered in two steps showed improved density, due to longer holding time at lower temperature (900°C) and less grain growth due to shorter holding time at higher temperature i.e. 1min at 1100°C.

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The presence of a peak centered near m/z 2862, observed for the first time for the caged dodecatungstate radical-anion, [W₁₂O₄₁]^−∙, enables distinguishing WO₂ from WO₃ by Laser Desorption Ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). In addition to WO₂, laser irradiation of dry deposits made from aqueous ammonium paratungstate, and calcium and lead orthotungstate also produce the [W₁₂O₄₁]^−∙. In contrast, spectra recorded from deposits made from aqueous Na₂WO₄, sodium metatungstate, and WO₃, or non-aqueous calcium and lead orthotungstate, and ammonium paratungstate, failed to show the m/z 2862 peak cluster. These observations support the hypothesis that polycondensation reactions to form [W₁₂O₄₁] occur solely in the presence of water. Although dry spots are irradiated for ionization, the solvent used for sample preparation plays an important role on the chemical composition endowed to ions detected. For example, the m/z 2862 peak seen from deposits made from aqueous ammonium paratungstate, and calcium and lead orthotungstate, is absent in the spectra recorded either from pristine deposits or those derived from solutions made with organic solvents such as acetonitrile or ethanol.

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