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Cemented carbide Tool Binder Phase Riched Layer

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 05 May 2015

Cemented carbide tool comprising a binder phase riched layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 5 μm on the surface, and also satisfies the following relationship: 0.02≦ICo/(IWC+ICo)≦0.5 where IWC denotes a (001) plane peak intensity of the tungsten carbide (WC), and ICo denotes a (111) plane peak intensity of cobalt (Co) and/or nickel (Ni) in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the surface.

The resulting cemented carbide tool is excellent in flexural strength and, when the cemented carbide is used for cutting tool, even under conventional cutting conditions where a special device such as coolant under high pressure is not used in case of machining a heat resistant alloy such as Ti alloy, proceeding of wear and occurrence of chipping can be suppressed and tool life can be prolonged. when a cemented carbide is produced by adjusting the content of a binder phase so as to controlling saturation magnetization to 1.62 μTm3/kg or less per 1 weight % of cobalt (Co) and a coercive force to 27.8 to 51.7 kA/m while suppressing segregation of a Co component, fractures in the cemented carbide decrease to impart high deflective strength, and thus a cutting tool suited for drilling or milling can be obtained.


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How to Choose the Tungsten Alloy Golf Club Head

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 04 May 2015

Golf is a popular leisure fitness activity. For beginners, they not only to practice basic skills but also need to know how to choose the right golf club head.The golf club head is usually made of tungsten alloy counterweight components. Usually these tungsten alloy counterweight components be made as screw, so that is easy to be teared down and replaced.

For different beginners, the chosen golf club head will be different . How to  to select the size of golf club head is mainly based on beginners’own strength.Tungsten alloy counterweight is a kind of high density alloy, on the weight and volume has great advantages than other metal, coupled with the tungsten alloy is a kind of environmental protection material.Therefore tungsten alloy counterweight is widely used in golf club head.

 

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Guidelines for Tungsten Electrodes Ⅳ

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 04 May 2015
Zirconiated (Color Code: Brown)
 
Zirconiated tungsten electrodes (AWS classification EWZr-1) contain a minimum of 99.10 percent tungsten and 0.15 to 0.40 percent zirconium. A zirconiated tungsten electrode produces an extremely stable arc and resists tungsten spitting. It is ideal for AC welding because it retains a balled tip and has a high resistance to contamination. Its current-carrying capability is equal to or greater than that of thoriated tungsten. Under no circumstances is zirconiated recommended for DC welding.
 
Rare Earth (Color Code: Gray)
 
Rare-earth tungsten electrodes (AWS classification EWG) contain unspecified additives of rare-earth oxides or hybrid combinations of different oxides, but manufacturers are required to identify each additive and its percentage on the package. Depending on the additives, desired results can include a stable arc in both AC and DC processes, greater longevity than thoriated tungsten, the ability to use a smaller-diameter electrode for the same job, use of a higher current for a similar-sized electrode, and less tungsten spitting.
 
Tungsten Preparation — Balled, Pointed, or Truncated?
 
After selecting a type of electrode, the next step is to select an end preparation. The three choices are balled, pointed, and truncated.
 
 
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Guidelines for Tungsten Electrodes Ⅲ

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 04 May 2015
Ceriated (Color Code: Orange)
 
Ceriated tungsten electrodes (AWS classification EWCe-2) contain a minimum of 97.30 percent tungsten and 1.80 to 2.20 percent cerium and are referred to as 2 percent ceriated. These electrodes perform best in DC welding at low current settings but can be used proficiently in AC processes. With its excellent arc starts at low amperages, ceriated tungsten has become popular in such applications as orbital tube and pipe fabricating, thin sheet metal work, and jobs involving small and delicate parts. Like thorium, it is best used to weld carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel alloys, and titanium, and in some cases it can replace 2 percent thoriated electrodes. Ceriated tungsten has slightly different electrical characteristics than thorium, but most welders can't tell the difference.
 
Using ceriated electrodes at higher amperages is not recommended because higher amperages cause the oxides to migrate quickly to the heat at the tip, removing the oxide content and nullifying its process benefits.
 
Lanthanated (Color Code: Gold)
 
Lanthanated tungsten electrodes (AWS classification EWLa-1.5) contain a minimum of 97.80 percent tungsten and 1.30 percent to 1.70 percent lanthanum, or lanthana, and are known as 1.5 percent lanthanated. These electrodes have excellent arc starting, a low
 
burnoff rate, good arc stability, and excellent reignition characteristics—many of the same advantages as ceriated electrodes. Lanthanated electrodes also share the conductivity characteristics of 2 percent thoriated tungsten. In some cases, 1.5 percent lanthanated can replace 2 percent thoriated without having to make significant welding program changes.
 
Lanthanated tungsten electrodes are ideal if you want to optimize your welding capabilities. They work well on AC or DC electrode negative with a pointed end, or they can be balled for use with AC sine wave power sources. Lanthanated tungsten maintains a sharpened point well, which is an advantage for welding steel and stainless steel on DC or AC from square wave power sources.
 
Unlike thoriated tungsten, these electrodes are suitable for AC welding and, like ceriated electrodes, allow the arc to be started and maintained at lower voltages. Compared with pure tungsten, the addition of 1.5 percent lanthana increases the maximum current-carrying capacity by approximately 50 percent for a given electrode size.
 
 
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Guidelines for Tungsten Electrodes Ⅱ

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 04 May 2015
Thoriated (Color Code: Red)
 
Thoriated tungsten electrodes (AWS classification EWTh-2) contain a minimum of 97.30 percent tungsten and 1.70 to 2.20 percent thorium and are called 2 percent thoriated. They are the most commonly used electrodes today and are preferred for their longevity and ease of use. Thorium increases the electron emission qualities of the electrode, which improves arc starts and allows for a higher current-carrying capacity. This electrode operates far below its melting temperature, which results in a considerably lower rate of consumption and eliminates arc wandering for greater stability. Compared with other electrodes, thoriated electrodes deposit less tungsten into the weld puddle, so they cause less weld contamination.
 
These electrodes are used mainly for specialty AC welding (such as thin-gauge aluminum and material less than 0.060 inch) and DC welding, either electrode negative or straight polarity, on carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel, and titanium.
 
During manufacturing, thorium is evenly dispersed throughout the electrode, which helps the tungsten maintain its sharpened edge—the ideal electrode shape for welding thin steel—after grinding. Note: Thorium is radioactive; therefore, you must always follow the manufacturer's warnings, instructions, and the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for its use.
 
 
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Guidelines for Tungsten Electrodes

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 04 May 2015
Choosing one of the six commonly available tungsten electrodes is a crucial first step in successful gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). In addition, tip preparation is critical. The electrode choices are pure tungsten, 2 percent thoriated, 2 percent ceriated, 1.5 percent lanthanated, zirconiated, and rare earth. The end preparations are balled, pointed, and truncated.
 
Tungsten is a rare metallic element used for manufacturing gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) electrodes. The GTAW process relies on tungsten's hardness and high-temperature resistance to carry the welding current to the arc. Tungsten has the highest melting point of any metal, 3,410 degrees Celsius.
 
These nonconsumable electrodes come in a variety of sizes and lengths and are composed of either pure tungsten or an alloy of tungsten and other rare-earth elements and oxides. Choosing an electrode for GTAW depends on the base material type and thickness and whether you weld with alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). Which one of three end preparations you choose, balled, pointed, or truncated, also is crucial in optimizing the results and preventing contamination and rework.
 
Each electrode is color-coded to eliminate confusion over its type. The color appears at the tip of the electrode.
 
Pure Tungsten (Color Code: Green)
 
Pure tungsten electrodes (AWS classification EWP) contain 99.50 percent tungsten, have the highest consumption rate of all electrodes, and typically are less expensive than their alloyed counterparts.
 
These electrodes form a clean, balled tip when heated and provide great arc stability for AC welding with a balanced wave. Pure tungsten also provides good arc stability for AC sine wave welding, especially on aluminum and magnesium. It is not typically used for DC welding because it does not provide the strong arc starts associated with thoriated or ceriated electrodes.
 
 
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Why is Tungsten Electrode Easy to Get Melted When Processing Aluminum TIG?

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 04 May 2015
As the electric current is relatively large when soldering aluminum, the tungsten electrode is more likely to be dissipative at the long-lasted temperature. So the thicker tungsten electrode is advised to use. When using  a-c argon welder, turn down the current and use 3 cm electrode.
 
In addition to size, type affects too. It is noted that the component of tungsten electrode is distingushed by particular color code. When soldering aluminum / aluminum alloy, tungsten electrode with green head is well recommended. 
 
 
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Why is Tungsten Electrode Color-coded?

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 04 May 2015
The types of tungsten electrode are various, such as thorium tungsten electrode, cerium tungsten electrode, pure electrode, zirconium tungsten electrode, lanthanum tungsten electrode, yttrium tungsten electrode and composite tungsten electrode. It is impossible to distingush the specific type with naked eyes for the rare earth element through tungsten electrode is proved to be trace elements. Currently, it is the mainly used way on the market to distingush it by its tip's color.
 
You may ask why it shows different colors and how it is standardized? For example, thorium tungsten electrode is colored red and cerium tungsten electrode gray.
 
Actually, the reason is very simple. To eliminate confusion over its type, each electrode is color-coded when it entered the market. Unfortunately, as tungsten electrode is a kind of 
less known welding product, we failed to trace the clue who was the first person to produce tungsten electrode. Since then, however, the standard has been following worldwide and tungsten electrodes in the current market are indentified by the color code.
 
 
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What Does the Color Code of Tungsten Electrode mean?

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 04 May 2015
Let us take a look at how to distinguish  tungsten electrodes by the color code.
 
When soldering iron / carbon steel, tungsten electrode with gray head is recommended;
 
When soldering stainless steel, tungsten electrode with red head is recommended;
 
When soldering aluminum / aluminum alloy, tungsten electrode with green head is recommended.
 
 
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8 Key Points of Stainless Steel TIG in Welding Process

Category: Tungsten Information
Published on 04 May 2015
1, With the power supply of vertical external characteristic, positive polarity is operated when using DC (negative polarity while welding wires).
 
2, Generally suitable for the welding with thin sheet less than 6mm. It processes the advantages of fine welding appearance and less distortion.
 
3, Argon of 99.99% purity serves as its protective gas. The argon flow is 8 ~ 10L / min under welding current of 50 ~ 150A and 12 ~ 15L / min under welding current of 150 ~ 250A.   
 
4, The length of tungsten electrode that protruds the gas nozzle should be less than 4 ~ 5mm. When in less covered palces, say doing fillet welding, the length is advised to be 2 ~ 3mm while in deep slotted places the length is better to be 5 ~ 6mm. Worker should stand away from nozzle within 15mm.
 
5, To prevent welding port, rust and oil on the welding joint should be cleaned up in time.
 
6, When welding ordinary steel, the arc length is advised to be 2 ~ 4mm; while welding stainless steel, the length should be kept within 1 ~ 3mm for a long length will reduce the protection effect.
 
7, In the case that the back of the bottom weld bead is oxidized, it should be put into operation with protection gas.
 
8, In order to have a good match between argon and the weld pool and to facilitate the welding operation, the angle between the workpiece and the center line of tungsten electrode should generally be maintained within 80 ~ 85 °. And the angle between the filler wire and the surface of the workpiece should be as small as possible at about 10 °.
 
 
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