High-density tungsten alloy, a functional material with tungsten as its base (85%–99%) combined with metals like nickel, iron, and copper through powder metallurgy sintering, boasts a density of 16–18.5 g/cm³ along with high strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. In the automotive field, its core advantages as a counterweight block include precise weight adjustment in a small volume, minimizing space usage; strong chemical stability to withstand the high temperatures and humidity of engine compartments; and eco-friendliness, aligning with global automotive industry green standards.

Zinc tungstate (Tungsten Zinc, ZnWO₄), also known as zinc tungsten oxide, belongs to the tungstate family. It is formed by the chemical bonding of palent zinc ions (Zn²⁺) and tungstate ions [(WO₄)²⁻], resulting in a wolframite-type crystal structure. In semiconductor research, its photoelectric properties and catalytic activity offer new possibilities for developing novel optoelectronic devices and environmental purification materials, demonstrating significant application potential in energy and environmental fields.

Compared to sodium tungstate, potassium tungstate (K₂WO₄) exhibits distinct solubility and chemical reactivity due to the introduction of K⁺ ions. From its role as an intermediate in metallic tungsten production to its function as an additive in photovoltaic cell electrolytes, this compound leverages an intrinsic logic of "ionic properties-crystal structure-application" to build perse application scenarios in energy, materials, and analytical chemistry.

Compared to alkali metal tungstates (e.g., sodium tungstate and potassium tungstate), calcium tungstate (CaWO₄) exhibits markedly different crystal structures and properties due to the incorporation of Ca²⁺, evolving from its industrial designation as "synthetic scheelite" to its core application as a scintillator material.

Within the family of inorganic functional materials, magnesium tungstate (MgWO₄) stands out as a representative alkaline earth metal tungstate, leveraging its unique crystal structure and perse properties to deliver significant value in optoelectronic displays, catalytic degradation, and functional ceramics. This compound, formed by magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) and tungstate ions [(WO₄)²⁻], inherits the stability of alkaline earth metals while gaining rich optical and electrical responses from the tungsten-oxygen framework, serving as a bridge between traditional chemistry and emerging optoelectronic technologies.

Within the broad field of transition metal compounds, ferrous tungstate (FeWO₄) stands out as a representative example of an iron-group element combined with tungstate, gaining prominence in chemical and materials science research due to its unique physicochemical properties and versatile application potential. This tungstate, formed by Fe²⁺ and (WO₄)²⁻, not only inherits the magnetic commonality of iron-group elements but also exhibits rich functional characteristics due to the introduction of the tungsten-oxygen framework, opening new pathways in catalysis, energy storage, and inorganic material preparation.

Defrosting glass usually uses tungsten wire as a heating element because tungsten has a high melting point, high temperature resistance and good conductivity, which is suitable for generating uniform heat on the glass surface or in the interlayer to remove frost or ice.

Anti-fog glass usually prevents fog condensation by embedding or coating a conductive material (such as tungsten wire or conductive film) on the glass surface and heating it with electricity. Tungsten wire is often used as a heating element in anti-fog glass systems that require heating, such as car rearview mirrors, bathroom mirrors or refrigerator glass doors, due to its high melting point, high resistivity, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance.

The main role of tungsten wire in electric heated glass windows is to act as a heating element. By using its high resistance and high temperature resistance, the glass windows are heated by the resistance heat generated when the current flows through the tungsten wire to meet the various functional requirements such as anti-fogging, defrosting and temperature regulation.

Using tungsten wire to heat glass is usually used in laboratories or small process scenarios (such as glass tube sealing, wire drawing or local forming) because tungsten wire can provide high temperature and local heating. The following are typical steps for heating glass with tungsten wire: