The conventinal autoclave soda leaching is a mature method for treating tungsten concentrate, where tungsten concentrate reacts with sodium carbonate to produce sodium tungstate. And finally through ion exchange and evaporative crystallization, ammonium paratungstate (APT) was manufactured. However the mass waste water is produced during the process.

To ensure the electromagnetic characteristics and processing quality and efficiency of cutting magnetic components, the properties of nonmagnetic and good wear residence of Forming die and cutting tool are the major factors.

The applications of nanocrystalline tungsten oxide (WO₃) include electrochromic, photochromic, gasochromic and sonochromic devices, as a photocatalyst for water splitting and purification, for photoelectrochemical decomposition of water, in heterogeneous catalysts. With the excellent gas sensitivity, another important application is gas sensors.

As an important solid lubricating material, tungsten disulfide has a wide range of applications in aerospace, machining, new energy vehicles, medical, electronics, digital and other fields due to its excellent tribological properties. However, the carrying capacity of pure WS2 film is low, and it is easy to absorb moisture and oxidize in humid air, which seriously shortens its service life.

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Among MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2, the intrinsic state of WS2 is a bipolar semiconductor with both n-type and p-type electron transport characteristics. Therefore, graphene-like WS2 films have become the current research in the field of two-dimensional atomic layer materials. The following mainly introduces the research status of photoelectric and electrocatalytic performance of WS2 film.

Through the introduction of the preparation methods (Ⅰ) and (Ⅱ) of tungsten trioxide graphene composite materials, we can know clearly that they all have the disadvantages of complex production process, long reaction time, difficult solid-liquid separation, and low yield. 

In addition to in-situ synthesis technology, ex-situ synthesis technology is also a preparation method for tungsten trioxide/graphene composite materials. At present, there are many reports, which mainly include the two steps of pre-preparation of the dispersion of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles and the dispersion of graphene/graphene oxide and the mixing and reduction.

Tungsten trioxide is an n-type wide-band gap semiconductor oxide with low price, easy preparation, stable performance, non-toxic and harmless, and has been widely used in the field of photoelectrochemistry.

When I receive tungsten iridium stream mouth as my product, I think it as an alloy of tungsten and iridium. But after discussion with our manufacturing department, I found what I was thinking is really a mistake.