Over a century ago in 1895, Roentgen discovered the first example of ionizing radiation, X-rays. The key to Roentgens discovery was a device called a Crooke’s tube, which was a glass envelope under high vacuum, with a wire element at one end forming the cathode, and a heavy copper target at the other end forming the anode. When a high voltage was applied to the electrodes, electrons formed at the cathode would be pulled towards the anode and strike the copper with very high energy. Roentgen discovered that very penetrating radiations were produced from the anode, which he called X-rays.

X-ray production whenever electrons of high energy strike a heavy metal target, like tungsten or copper. When electrons hit this material, some of the electrons will approach the nucleus of the metal atoms where they are deflected because of there opposite charges (electrons are negative and the nucleus is positive, so the electrons are attracted to the nucleus). This deflection causes the energy of the electron to decrease, and this decrease in energy then results in forming an X-ray.

Medical X-ray machines in hospitals use the same principle as the Crooke’s Tube to produce X-rays. The most common X-ray machines use tungsten as there cathode, and have very precise electronics so the amount and energy of the X-ray produced is optimum for making images of bones and tissues in the body.

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Tungsten market: After a continuous drop last week, today's mainstream tungsten concentrate, APT, tungsten powder product manufacturers offer steady, the current market demand for tungsten light, transactions scarce, expected short-term price of tungsten or tungsten-based market gradually low stabilized, the decline narrowed. Due to the poor overall domestic economic situation, the poor end-market consumption capacity, most of the dwindling number of buyers purchase, resulting in the market's overall trading increasingly bleak.

It is understood that most of the domestic manufacturers that ferrotungsten large domestic steel procurement channels, relatively fixed, resulting in most of the manufacturers take the goods channels are sluggish, turnover is very difficult. In addition, due to the poor economic situation in the country as a whole, poor end-market consumption capacity, most of the dwindling number of buyers purchase, resulting in the market's overall trading increasingly bleak.

It has been shown in Rotterdam on Friday night down again ferrotungsten warehouse offer $ 0.25 / kg of tungsten, tungsten iron offer 75% to $ 27.6-28.1 / kg tungsten, European buyers still larger force prices down.

It is understood that due to the foreign market gradually into the summer break, most of the steel production in poor condition, purchase inquiries for ferrotungsten small number of strong efforts to keep the prices down. Thus, Asia ferrotungsten manufacturers to timely payment and low-priced goods to go to compromise deal.


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After a continuous drop last week, today's mainstream tungsten concentrate, APT, tungsten powder product manufacturers offer steady, the market demand for light, transactions scarce, expected short-term price of tungsten or tungsten-based low market gradually stabilized, the decline narrowed .

Macro, Customs: Foreign trade dragged down by imports, down 6.9 percent from a year earlier; Li Keqiang: more accurate and effective implementation of targeted regulation; the Eurozone and Greece reached a new agreement, to be discussed transitional financial support.


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Two-time champions and 2014 winners Debbie and Ashley Clements (Jacks Jokers) were trying for another title, but despite a 180 from Ashley, they couldn’t get past the second round.
More 180s came from Bradley Marshall (BRSA Ravens), Richard Pennells (Jacks Jokers), Colin Ragless (Friary D) and Gary Miller (Claremont). The last 180 came from Mick Deadman (Aldingbourne SC) in the first round – when he needed only 167!
The first semi-final saw Mazz Tupper and Keith Robinson (Chi Snooker C) beat Tracey Reeves and Marshall (BRSA Ravens).
The second semi-final pitched birthday girl Hayley Gatford and Andy Stubbs (Hunston Club) lose out to Karen Winter and Gary Miller (Claremont).
So the final saw last year’s runners-up Tupper and Robinson against Winter and Miller.
An even start from both teams meant someone needed to break the throw. That came from Winter and Miller with two large scores on the trot.
With nearly a 100 lead, Winter left Miller with double 16 which he took out with his last tungsten dart to take the first leg.
Robinson started the second leg with 99 but Miller followed that with 95 and on their next throws, Robinson hit a ton with Miller again hitting 95.
It was still close between both teams, Winter hitting 85 to leave a finish of 70, while Robinson went up for 111.
Hitting the treble 17 with the first tungsten dart and single 20 with the next gave him one tungsten dart at double top, but he just missed.
Miller stepped up for 70 but had only one dart at double top, but it didn’t go in.
Tupper tried for double top but missed, but still had a chance with the last tungsten dart which touched the wire of double seven, but on the outside.
Winter stepped up to take the leg with double top, hitting it with the last tungsten dart to become the mixed pairs champions for 2015.

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Eight Kiwi tungsten darts players will be competing for a pool of $20,000 and tickets have already sold out for finals night on August 1.
The Auckland based event - New Zealand's biggest darts tournament - has formed a new partnership with Sky City, where four nights of arrows will take place in the coming weeks.
There will be two pools of four with each player playing one game per night on July 17 and July 18.
Two players will qualify from each pool before the finals night and players will earn a bonus point every time they hit three 180s.
The event is the perfect warm up for fans before the best tungsten darts players in the world visit New Zealand for the PDC World Series on August 28-30.
The Auckland Tungsten Darts Masters will feature 16 time world champion Phil "The Power" Taylor, world number one Michael Van Gerwen and current world champion Gary Anderson.
Mick "The Lone Wolf" Lacey is one of the eight competing in the Super League Darts for the very first time and he said excitement levels were crazy right now.
"It's something that hasn't been done before and for New Zealand darts to be showcased on TV is fantastic.
"We're used to playing in clubs with maybe 20 or 30 spectators but to be playing on a stage at Sky City with a few hundred is going to be fantastic.
"It's exciting at this stage, with where it's heading, and with guys like Mark Hudson behind it, it's just going to go through the roof."
Hudson, Super League Darts tournament director, has said he's confident that tungsten darts can be one of New Zealand's biggest sports by the end of 2016.
Tungsten dart has taken off in the UK in the last decade through marketing campaigns led by promoter Barry Hearn and Sky Sports.
The PDC tour is worth millions and venues sell out across the country for every major event. Tungsten darts even had its own Sky Sports channel for the duration of the PDC World Championships at the start of the year.
The atmosphere is themed for fun and excitement with the crowd turning up in an array of whacky fancy dress.
"I think it will be similar to England because of Sky TV and televising every game live," Lacey said. "The majority of the people that are going will have seen it on TV. It will be a party atmosphere.
"We've had some good performances overseas with the likes of Warren Parry, Craig Caldwell and Rob Szabo. They've had some really good performances on TV over the past couple of years and to get them back here is great.
"The numbers have picked up and every person you talk to plays darts somewhere - whether it's in their shed or in a pub or a club."

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Tungsten market: Bearish sentiment dense tungsten businesses, operating actively weak, tungsten spot market volume was light this week, there is still a low risk of tungsten-based products was down, the domestic scrap tungsten blade or fell 110 yuan / kg in the vicinity.

Tungsten is a very valuable resource of rare metal resources, one of the tungsten industry as an important modern industrial materials industry, is significant.

Tungsten is a hardness, melting point, high strength and good metal, machinery, steel, defense industry and other fields are widely used. Its main application is the carbide industry, it is often said of tungsten steel. Carbide is called modern industry teeth. Tungsten resources as an important strategic resource, and more emphasis on the protection of world powers tungsten resources. Our country has also set up since the 1990s Industry Association, introduced a number of laws and regulations, strict supervision, tungsten resources.

Global reserves of tungsten resources are scarce, centralized distribution. China has proven reserves of 65.5% of the world, it has obvious advantages. Since 2001, China began to implement tungsten resource extraction quotas and export quotas, effectively inhibited the global tungsten supply. Coupled with decreasing the amount of foreign supply, limited availability of recycling waste tungsten, tungsten supply growth is slow.

Tungsten carbide is mainly used in steel and alloys, chemical industry, which accounted for an amount of carbide about 50%. Production of carbide cutting tools only about 25% of total production, 65% of consumption in developed countries accounts for carbide cutting tool consumption, China's carbide broad space for development in the future. "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" clearly encourage new materials containing tungsten or tungsten as a new impetus to the demand.

Tungsten resources are rare Chinese have absolute advantage, as the country gradually strengthen the industry consolidation, supply growth will gradually slow down, while demand in areas such as carbide rapid growth in the long term, the future supply of tungsten would be more many in the tight state. Our industry relies on tungsten carbide absolute advantage in the inevitable development resources more quickly.


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Bearish sentiment dense tungsten businesses, operating actively weak, tungsten spot market volume was light this week, there is still a low risk of tungsten-based products was down, the domestic scrap tungsten blade or fell 110 yuan / kg in the vicinity.

Macro, agency says about 7% GDP growth in the second quarter, there is room for adjustment of monetary policy; the policy of stimulating investment growth is expected to stabilize in the second half economic rebound; eight of the Steering Group to supervise operations throughout the organization functional integration.


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Producing fine tungsten powder by hydrogen reduction of tungsten hexachloride, the producing process which are as follows:
1. Firstly, putting tungsten at middle of the inner tube, each charging amount of 1-1.5kg.
2. After beginning of the experiment, through hydrogen in both inside and outside  tube in the case of heating, the temperature of the chloride reaction section of tube is heated to 800 ℃, the reduction reaction of tube heating to 1000 ℃. The temperature was raised to the desired temperature, heat preservation for 1 hour. So it can remove the water of reactor surface and raw material’s oxide films by through hydrogen.
3. Continue through the hydrogen of outer tube, but the inner tube was stopped through hydrogen, argon instead be used to remove the inner tube of hydrogen.
4. After the inner tube of hydrogen divisible, with argon gas and chlorine gas introduced into the tube, so that the reaction of chlorine and tungsten to produce gaseous tungsten hexachloride and tungsten pentachloride mixture.
5. With the reaction proceeds, tungsten chlori from the inner pipe into the outer reaction section tube, and contact with outer tube hydrogen to form fine tungsten powder.

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