Phosphotungstic acid and silicotungstic acid are the main members of the heteropoly acid family. They have high catalytic activity, good selectivity, no pollution to the environment and little corrosion to equipment. They are a kind of green catalysts with great development prospects. In practical applications, scholars believe that immobilizing heteropoly acids on matrix materials can not only make the catalyst easy to recover and continuous production, but also greatly improve the specific surface area and catalysis, which is conducive to improving product quality and reducing production costs.

High strength, high toughness, high hardness, light weight, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance are the main development directions of high performance structural materials. Tungsten, with its excellent high temperature resistance, high strength and hardness, is an irreplaceable key material in many fields, especially in the field of national defense, military industry, aviation and aerospace.

Nickel-tungsten catalysts are widely used in hydrofining and hydrocracking. Their main components are about 25% tungsten trioxide, 2% nickel oxide, 50% alumina, 5% silicon dioxide and a small amount of iron and vanadium. Waste nickel-tungsten catalysts contain tungsten, nickel and other metals. If they can be recycled, they will produce enormous economic benefits. At the same time, the pollution and damage to the environment caused by waste nickel-tungsten catalysts are avoided.

Nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emitted from coal-fired power plants are recognized as one of the three major atmospheric pollutants, which can cause environmental problems such as acid rain, ozone layer destruction, greenhouse effect, and seriously endanger the earth's ecological environment and human health.

At present, tungsten-rare earth oxide electrode materials for argon arc welding, plasma cutting and steelmaking at home and abroad are manufactured by powder compaction, sintering and deformation.

Carbon fiber is a new type of fiber material with more than 95% carbon content. Its quality is lighter than that of metal aluminium, but its strength is higher than that of steel, and it has the characteristics of corrosion resistance and high modulus. It is an important material in national defense, military and civil fields. At the same time, the good conductivity and thermal conductivity of carbon fibers make them have a broad application prospect in the field of energy storage and conversion in the new generation.

Lead tungstate is an important inorganic scintillator material. Due to its excellent scintillation performance, short attenuation time, high irradiation hardness, high density and low cost, it has been widely used in many fields such as photocatalysis, microwave, scintillator, luminescence, optical fiber, detector and so on.

Nanostructured materials have unique physical, chemical, electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties and have potential applications in filling materials, drug delivery, catalysis and other fields. Previous studies have shown that transition metal disulfides have unique properties and can be used as photosensitive materials, catalysts, lubricants, cathode materials for high-energy batteries, etc.

Scientists at a British university are experimenting with tungsten in a world-class new facility to help develop a new fusion reactor, ITER. ITER refers to the International Thermonuclear Fusion Experimental Reactor, which is known as the "artificial solar" project. Many countries involved in the research believe that if the "artificial sun" can be realized, it will produce almost unlimited clean energy, which is inexpensive and incalculable.

Tin dioxide is an n-type semiconductor material with good chemical stability and optical anisotropy. It is widely used in gas-sensitive materials, photoelectric materials, lithium-ion battery materials and other fields. By doping, tin dioxide can become semiconductor or conductor, improve its conductivity and spectral selectivity, and expand its application range.