EU Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) regulates the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. Lead, which is often used as radiation shielding or for anti-scatter grids, is ranked at the top of the list, even higher than mercury and cadmium. 

The price of one of the most critical materials for the Western world's economy and defenses is spiking faster than any other major commodity.

The price of one of the most critical materials for the Western world’s economy and defenses is spiking faster than any major commodity.

After new China was found, Kuimeishan is one of the 156 projects of Soviet aided China industry area in the first five year plan. It is recorded that 156 project is the biggest industry aided project by Soviet to new China. It covers almost every aspects of industry. They spread the most advanced technology to China and lied a solid foundation for new China industry development.

In that passionate period, many young people came here from all over the country. Some of them are mining experts, transition soldiers, engineers, workers and college students. Many large equipment were sent here and the whole mining area was reorganized. They built mechanical exploring tunnel, beneficiation factory, machine repair factory and administration building.

At the foot of Kuimeishan, there is a large area of red house, it is home of workers. The architecture style is similar to Soviet style: neat and broad house, smooth and prospered road, the village is surrounded by mountain and clear water.

During 1953 and 1970, it is the god period of Kuimeishan tungsten mine. In these years, it explored more than 40 thousand tons tungsten ore, made great contributions to national industrial construction and foreign exchange.

Kuimashan locates in Dingnan county of Jiangxi province, the altitude is 1062m, it is connected with boarder of Canton. It is famous for tungsten concentrate.

Kuimeishan tungsten mine story started in 1918. It is said that a Cantonese picked some stones and bring back to Canton, foreigners discovered it is tungsten ore. So people started exploration. Foreigners also got involved in it. They established mineral company and hired local farmer to explore ore and transport. However, it is very cheap and labors were oppressed. Year after year, some patriot fought with them and won back right of Kuimeishan.

In early 1929, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led red army from Jingangshan to Gannan to found central soviet area. Oppressed people are liberated. Kuimeishan tungsten mine contributed more than 2000 tons tungsten ore and supported finance of soviet area.

The beautiful Kuimeishan not only has abundant tungsten ore, but also it the bread seed of revolution. After long march, partisan troops has a long and arduous fight with Kuomintan army and landlord army and left behind many moving story. Kuimeishan is still a red holy land.

Tea tree is a kind of evergreen woody plants, it is economic plants preferred warm and wet. It is planted in south and north. Our daily used red rea, green tea, oolong tea and Puer tea are from different kinds of tea tree sprout. Quality and quantity of tea are affected by temperature and moisture.

Why tea tree needs antifreeze? Generally speaking, tea tree is not afraid of cold, it can survive even without special treatment. But tea leaves are afraid of cold, especially during picking season in spring and autumn. Tea leaves are precious, it determines the income of tea farmers for a year round. However, the drastically change of climate in recent years caused low temperature and late spring cold happening more frequently, results in reduced output of tea leaves, as well as downgraded quality and postponed selling time. These affects producing and economic efficiency of tea leaves severely.

Antifreeze work for tea tree in harvest season is to protect labor achievements of tea farmers. Some scholars put up with a mixing agent of abscisic acid and sodium tungstate which has antifreeze effect for tea tree sprout.

Abscisic acid(ABA) is the main homone to adjust growth. Sodium tungstate is nontoxic environmental friendly agent with photocatalyst effect which is welcomed in recent years. Some researchers mix it by ratio 5:2, produced ABA synthesized agent to protect tea tree from frozen.

Mechanism of ABA synthesized agent is: sodium tungstate can inhibit ABA aldehyde oxidase activity during synthesize process. Under the stress, the contents of soluble sugar, free proline and soluble protein in plant were increased in different degrees, and the long-term evolution of plant body formed a perfect antioxidant system to remove reactive oxygen species to cope with low temperature stress.

In recent years, ABA mixing drug has proved its value in tea tree planting. Under low temperature, tea tree has weak antifreeze property. With ABA antifreeze material, tea tree can be prevented from frozen. 

From 1960s to 1980s, Pangushan tungsten mine enters its splendid period. During these years, Pangushan had explored over 100 thousand tons, number of employee reached over 6000, it supported thousands families. However, all these changed due to scarcity of tungsten resource.

In the early 1990s, tungsten market was negative, price is sluggish. Pangushan was in a dilemma.

What’s even worse is that the long term service result in scarcity of resource, capacity is lowered and caused constant deficit.

To prolong its exploration period, mining workers seeks to promote working production rate and fund operating efficiency, lower product cost, recycle tungsten tails. In 1996, 88 thousand tons cement enlarge project was completed, raw material are from tailings inventory.

Tungsten mine is almost scarce, but bismuth mine is still abundant. However, it is difficult to transmit production.

In 2004, Pangushan tungsten mine announced bankruptcy and recombine its asset. To date, Pangushan is still producing tungsten ore, but its scale is far smaller than before.

Time flies and everything changed. Splendid Pangushan tungsten mine returns to peace due to scarcity of resource. It is now filled with memory and sorrow feelings. 

In 1954, Pangushan became state owned again, it was one of world famous tungsten mine in Gannan.

Pangushan tungsten mine is large quartz tungsten bismuth mineral deposit, has an area of 16 square miles, mineral area is 1.2 square miles. Mineral deposit is composed by three groups of mineral vein in south, middle and north. Among which the southern group has the largest scale, is the main exploration target.

Mineral deposit is tungsten-magnesium-ferro mine type and bismuthinite quartz mineral type, tungsten ore grade is 1.232%, has high mineral quality.

In 1958, Pangushan entered a high speed developing period, realized mechanical working gradually. In 1960s~1970s, geological personnel found new tungsten bismuth mineral vein in Pangushan, inject vitality into Pangushan. In the later 20 years, Pangushan mineral area conducted overall mechanical exploration and embraced its glorious period.

Benefited from tungsten mine, Pangushan also achieved great progress in city construction. Although it locates in mountain, the living facilities here are sufficient. Its is no worse than big city, so it is also called little Ganzhou.

Pangushan solves the concern of mining people’s life. They also rely on the mine as their common home. 

Pangushan tungsten mine locates in juncture of Yudu, Huichang and Anyuan county. Floor area is 2367 thousand square meters. It is 65 miles from county, 127 miles from Ganzhou city, 50 miles from Nanchang city.

There is a legend said that when Pangu opened the sky, a axe was dropped and crashed into mountain, became tungsten.

Pangushan tungsten mine was discovered in 1918, explored since 1922. Like other mines in Dayu county, men and women picked up tungsten ores on mountain and sold them to merchants, the price is decided by them. However, the exploitation of landlord made explorers still live under cats and dogs.

In early 1929, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led red army from Jin Gangshan to Gannan and established central soviet area. In 1932, Tieshanlong founded Chinese Tungsten Ore Company. Mao Zemin, Mao Zedong’s brother, represented as manager. Pangushan is affiliated to Chinese Tungsten Mine Company, has a total output of tungsten ore more than 2000 tons in years, made great contribution to support revolution war.

Only CPC can save China. In Oct.1934, the fifth anti siege failed. Red army was forced to started long march. Chinese Tungsten Ore Company was ended. Many mineral workers followed red army to long march voluntarily. Life was full of adventures and danger. However, for sake of independence of thousands of millions of Chinese people, they already decided to devote their life.

In April 1950, Tieshanlong tungsten mine became state-owned again.

In August 1954, following instructions of general heavy industry non-ferrous metal management department, Tieshanlong tungsten mine, Dajishan tungsten mine, Xihuashan tungsten mine and Kuimeishan tungsten mine and other 20 mines became the structure and pillar of new China tungsten industry. These tungsten mines made great contributions in earning foreign exchange through exporting and paying debt accumulated in three difficult years.

In 1958, it realized mechanical production. Tieshanlong tungsten mine has both abundant resources and technical support.

Yangkengshan is the highest mountain of Tieshanlong, altitude is 800m. Beneficiation area is in conjunction with mountains.

Tieshanlong tungsten mine is a large mineral deposit contains tungsten, copper, aluminum, tin, bismuth, zinc, silver and other non-ferrous metals. Especially tungsten concentrate is famous in the world, first grade rate reaches 100%, special grade rate is 96%. It can be processed both by wet metallurgy and pyrometallurgy.

Tieshanlong tungsten mine is the birthplace of Chinese revolution and metallurgy technology revolution. It is the first tungsten mine which can realize comprehensive recycle of copper, tin, zinc, silver and other associated metal, recycle rate is over 15%.

Many new technologies applied in modern industry originates from Tieshanlong, such as association method of flotation selection, gravity selection, magnetic selection and electric selection. It is not only the world leading tungsten slime recycle method, but also can solve beneficiation problems such as low grade mineral and associated minerals.

At present, Tieshanlong tungsten mine still has positive reservation. Its yearly exploration capacity can reach 500 thousand tons, is 100 times more than total four years’ output during soviet period. Transportation is upgraded to railway instead of carrying by hand. It provides a large amount of financial income for local government, is the elite of tungsten industry in Jiangxi.