Compared with the pure WO3 film, the Ti doped tungsten oxide film has no change in the color change amplitude. While the coloring and fading response speeds are obviously increased. And the amount of charge stored in the reaction is increased. Moreover, after a plurality of cycles, the current decay becomes small, the cycle stability increases, and the film cycle life increases. In addition, WO3 is converted from a monoclinic system to a cubic system. And at the same time, Ti4+ ions suppress grain growth to make the degree of crystallization lowered.

Ti-WO3 film is more favorable for the electrochromic reaction than the undoped WO3 film. Experts said that comparing the SEM image of WO3 and Ti-doped WO3 film, as shown below, you can see:

Some experts have prepared the Ti doping tungsten oxide electrochromic film by the following methods in order to study the influence of different oxygen partial pressures on the structural properties of Ti doped WO3 thin films.

Some experts prepared Ti-doped tungsten trioxide film on FTO conductive glass substrates by pulsed DC reactive magnetron sputtering method under different oxygen tension conditions. They found that: